Cerebrum – conscious thought, memory, sensation, voluntary movement
Diencephalon – thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
Brainstem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum – balance, posture, coordination
Memory Trick: CDBC
(Cerebrum → Diencephalon → Brainstem → Cerebellum)
4 Ventricles
Right lateral ventricle
Left lateral ventricle
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
MACHINE LEARNING — EXAM CHEAT SHEET
Built from your notes' Model Question Paper — the exact questions likely to repeat
Q1(a). What is Machine Learning? Applications? [4M]
Definition: field where computers learn patterns from data/experience instead of being explicitly programmed for every rule.
Mitchell's formal definition: a program learns from experience E w.r.t. task T and performance measure P, if performance on T (measured by P) improves
Theory & General Method:
Characteristic Equation: det(A - λ*I) = 0 For a 3x3 matrix: λ3 - S1*λ^2 + S2*λ- |A| = 0
S1 = Trace of A (sum of diagonal elements)
S2 = Sum of principal minors = |a22 a23; a32 a33| + |a11 a13; a31 a33| + |a11 a12; a21 a22|
|A| = Determinant of matrix A
1.Solve the cubic equation for roots (λ1, λ2, λ3).
2.Pick the largest numerical value for λ_max.
3.Solve (A - λ_max*I) X = 0 using row reduction or simultaneous equations to find
Preparation & Applications of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate/Acrylic Glass) is prepared by addition polymerisation (free radical mechanism) of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) monomer using benzoyl peroxide initiator at 60°C–80°C.
Reaction: n[CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3] --Peroxide-Δ->,[-CH2-C(CH3)(COOCH3)-]n. Peroxide decomposes into free radicals, opening the double bond of MMA to form a linear polymer chain.
Properties: High optical clarity (92% light transmission,
WAP to Find Greater of Three Numbers
C Program to Find Largest of Three Numbers:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter three numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c);
if (a >= b && a >= c) {
printf("%d is the largest.\n", a);
} else if (b >= a && b >= c) {
printf("%d is the largest.\n", b);
} else {
printf("%d is the largest.\n", c);
}
return 0;
}
WAP to
(b) Separation of Lanthanides by Ion Exchange Method: Lanthanides are difficult to separate because they have very similar chemical properties and generally exist in the +3 oxidation state. Due to lanthanide contraction, their ionic radii decrease gradually from La³⁺ to Lu³⁺. Therefore, the ion exchange method is one of the most efficient methods for the separation and purification of individual lanthanides. Principle:The ion exchange method is based on the slight differences in the stability
Probability of an Event: P(A) = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of outcomes) = n(A) / n(E)
Probability Range: 0 <= P(A) <= 1
P(A) = 0 means the event is impossible.
P(A) = 1 means the event is certain to occur.
Complementary Events (Not A): P(A') = 1 - P(A) OR P(A) + P(A') = 1
General Addition Formula (For any two events A and B): P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A AND B)
Mutually Exclusive Events:
A1. Explain the agency relationship in the context of a publicly listed company 6 marks
An agency relationship exists when one party, the principal, hires another party, the agent, to take decisions on their behalf. In a publicly listed company the shareholders are the principals because they own the firm, and the managers and directors are the agents because they run it day to day.
Why it arises. It comes from the separation of ownership and control. A listed company has thousands of small, scattered
Here are short, exam-oriented answers in English for all the questions shown in your notebook.
A PIN diode is a semiconductor diode with three layers: P-type, Intrinsic (I), and N-type.
Features:
Applications:
The Hall Effect is used to: