Q. Discuss various energy rich compounds. Define biological significance of ATP and cAMP.
Answer:
Energy Rich Compounds:
Energy rich compounds are those compounds which contain high energy bonds and release energy when these bonds are broken. They are important for providing energy to cells.
Types of energy rich compounds:
1. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate):
ATP is the major energy currency of the cell. It contains high energy phosphate bonds and releases energy for various cellular activities.
Q : What do you understand by Pharmacokinetics? Discuss various mechanisms of drug absorption/transport.
Answer
Pharmacokinetics is the study of movement of drugs in the body. It describes what the body does to the drug. It includes Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME).
Diagram:
Drug Administration
↓
Absorption
↓
Distribution
↓
Metabolism
↓
Excretion
Mechanisms of Drug Absorption
Passive Diffusion
Drug moves from higher concentration to lower concentration. No energy
●●●Respiratory system is a group of organs and tissues which help us in breathing or Respiration.
These group of organs/tissue are known as Respiratory tract which includes the passage of air from the Nose to the alveoli in the lungs.
o Path: air → O₂ (Oxygen)
Breathing → It is generally a physical/ mechanical process of taking air (O2) into the body/lungs and expelling it (CO₂).
Respiration → It is the complete/ biochemical process of exchanging gases (O2/CO2) which includes Breathing
Q. Define Glycolysis Pathway.
Ans:
Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway in which one molecule of glucose (6 carbon compound) is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid (3 carbon compound) through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions. It occurs in the cytoplasm of all living cells and does not require oxygen directly, so it is an anaerobic process.
During glycolysis, energy is produced in the form of ATP and NADH. It consists of two phases: the energy investment phase and the energy payoff
1. Role, Ethics and Responsibilities of a Medical Laboratory Technologist
A Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT) is a healthcare professional who performs laboratory tests on blood, urine, body fluids and tissues to help doctors diagnose, treat and prevent diseases. The technologist collects and processes samples, operates laboratory instruments, maintains laboratory records and reports accurate test results. An MLT must follow professional ethics by maintaining patient confidentiality, honesty
Functions of Parathyroid Gland
The parathyroid glands are four small endocrine glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. They secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a vital role in maintaining calcium and phosphate balance in the body. PTH increases the level of calcium in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium absorption from the intestine (indirectly through vitamin D), and reducing calcium loss through the kidneys. Proper calcium
Transportation of Body Fluids, Pus, Swab, Blood, and Urine
Proper transportation of clinical specimens is essential to maintain the viability of microorganisms and ensure accurate laboratory results. Specimens should be collected aseptically, labeled correctly, and transported to the laboratory as soon as possible.
Body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, and ascitic fluid should be collected in sterile containers and transported immediately to prevent contamination and deterioration.
Taylor → Scientific Management
Elton Mayo → Human Relations
Describe
Understand
Predict
Control
Scientific
Humanistic
Interdisciplinary
System Approach
Contingency Approach
E = Expectancy
(Effort → Performance)
I = Instrumentality
(Performance → Reward)
V = Valence
(Value of Reward)
Motivation = E × I × V
Long-term memory is broadly divided into __________ and __________ memory. implicit; explicit Memory for past events is called __________ memory. episodic . Memory for facts about the world is called __________ memory. Semantic. Memory that involves conscious recollection is called __________ or __________ memory. explicit; declarative. Memories that we are not conscious about are called __________ memories implicit. Which is NOT a type of implicit memory? Episodic. Suppose that you have been...