D&E-Deadlock detect:
18-Spin-lock: general (counting) semaphore using busy waiting instead of blocking. Used in multiproc OS to implement short critical sections. 19-Deadlock: two or more procs are waiting infinit for an event that can be caused by only one of the waiting procs 20-Starvation: indefinite blocking. A process may never be removed from the semaphore queue in which it is suspended. 21-Monitors: A highlvl abstraction that provides a convenient and effective mech for process synch....··ISDN networks - duplex transmission of signal (echo cancellation), principle of scrambler. -DEC (Digital Echo Cancellation): simultaneous transmission in both directions by additive block, itadds incoming useful signal, parasitic reflected signal and compensation signal produced by transversal filter, which its adaptive regulated by control processor. -Transmission of periodic sequences can negative affect function of echo compensator, sowe have to use methods of signals scrambling: *Recovering
...C CPU Scheduling. 1-Processes: A process is a program in execution. Is a unit of work within the system. Program is a passive entity, process is active. Process needs resources to accomplish its task (CPU, memory, I/O, files). Process termination requires reclaim of any reusable resources. Singlethreaded process has one program counter specifying location of next instruction to execute. Process executes instructions sequentially, one at a time, until completion. Multithreaded proc has one program
...D&&E-Deadlock detection:
18-Spin-lock: general (counting) semaphore using busy waiting instead of blocking. Used in multiproc OS to implement short critical sections. 19-Deadlock: two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for an event that can be caused by only one of the waiting processes 20-Starvation: indefinite blocking. A process may never be removed from the semaphore queue in which it is suspended. 21-Monitors: A highlevel abstraction that provides a convenient and effective mechanism...1.Digitalization of telephone channel, quantization distortion (noise): Telephone channel, unidirectional path from 300 to 3400 BW:3100Hz. Its digitalization with PCM(pulse code mod), if adds TDM(time div mult), it increments the efficiency utilization of the transmission paths. PCM converts analogue samples to digital forms (increments noise immunity transm). 3 ops(A/D converter) to analogue signal before mult & transm: 1-Sampling(signal discrete in time, Fsampling=1/Ts, sampling theorem
...5-Comm Struct: Must oversee 4 things: Naming and name resolution (Identifies proc with host & proc ID, uses DNS) Routing strategies (Fixed routing A path from A to B is specified in advance. Virtual circuit A path from A to B is fixed for the duration of one session.. Dynamic routing - The path used to send a messg form site A to site B is chosen only when a messg is sent) Connection strateg (Circuit switching A permanent physical link is established for the duration of the communication, requires
...5-Comm Struct: Must oversee 4 things: Naming and name resolution (Identifies proc with host & proc ID, uses DNS) Routing strategies (Fixed routing A path from A to B is specified in advance. Virtual circuit A path from A to B is fixed for the duration of one session.. Dynamic routing - The path used to send a messg form site A to site B is chosen only when a messg is sent) Connection strateg (Circuit switching A permanent physical link is established for the duration of the communication, requires
...K- IP routing & Transp:1-Datagram Routing: decision making process on where to forward datag. Any device making such decision is called router. Routing can be direct (host part of the LAN) or indirect (other cases). Routers form a cooperative interconnected structure. Datagrams pass from router to router until they reach a router capable to deliver directly (locally) to the destination. Table driven routing: Every router maintains a routing table with entries in the form of pairs-(N, G), where
...I-Linking & Loading: 1-Syntactic and semantic analysis: Parser does syntactic & semantic analysis. Parser can be generated auto using yacc or bison. Parser are generated according to Grammar usually in BackusNaur Form (BNF). 2-Intermediate code: .class is example of intermediate code for java.
3-Background: OS is responsible for starting programs. Program must be brought into memory and placed within a process memory space for it to be executed. User programs go through several steps before