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Βιολογία
Η διατήρηση των οικοσυστημάτων, όπως και κάθε άλλης οργανωμένης δομής, απαιτεί συνεχή προσφορά ενέργειας. Τα οικοσυστήματα που υπάρχουν στον πλανήτη μας, στην πλειονότητά τους, εισάγουν την ενέργεια που είναι απαραίτητη για τη διατήρηση της δομής τους με τη μορφή της ηλιακής
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| Domain | What it is | Why it exists | Root assumption | Typical flaw | Exploited by | Attacker needs | Observable effect | Consequence | Difficulty | Main defenses | Exam trigger words |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Certification | Third-party statement of compliance | Build trust | Requirements well-defined | Wrong scope | Compliance gaming | Docs, audits | “Certified but insecure” | False sense of security | Medium | ISO 17000 family | attestation, conformity |
| Repeatability | Same tester, same setup | Reliability | Operator consistency | Human variance | Poor testing |
GRTHHTYR
VERY SHOT
1.Define static and dynamic resistance.
A.Static resistance: The ratio of voltage to current at a particular operating point
R=V/I
Dynamic resistance: The ratio of a small change in voltage to the corresponding change in
current at an operating point r=dV/dI
2.Explain how the diode acts as switch.
A.ON state (Forward biased):When the anode is positive with respect to the cathode,
the diode conducts current with
very low resistance, behaving like a closed switch.
OFF state
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UNIT-5
1.Briefly discuss about Photo diode?
Photodiode:
A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical
current. It operates based on the principle of the photovoltaic effect, where the
absorption of photons generates electron-hole pairs, leading to a current flow
when the device is connected in an electrical circuit.
Structure and Symbol:
*Structure: Photodiodes are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon.
They typically have a p-n junction, with the
science dna and rna
1. DNA STRUCTURE
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Double helix: Twisted-ladder shape.
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Nucleotide: Sugar (deoxyribose) + Phosphate + Nitrogenous base.
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Bases: Purines (A, G); Pyrimidines (C, T).
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Pairing: A–T (2 H-bonds), C–G (3 H-bonds).
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Chargaff’s Rule: A=T, C=G.
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Antiparallel strands: 5'→3' and 3'→5'.
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Key Scientists:
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Griffith: Transforming factor.
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Avery: DNA is transforming factor.
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Chargaff: Base pairing rule.
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Hershey & Chase: DNA is genetic material.
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Franklin & Wilkins:
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UNIT-4
1.8.COMPARE BJT AND FET?
A. Comparison between BJT and FET
| BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor) | FET (Field Effect Transistor) |
|---|---|
| Current controlled (base current controls collector current) | Voltage controlled (gate voltage controls drain current) |
| Both electrons and holes contribute to current flow | Only majority carriers (electrons in N-channel, holes in P-channel) |
| Moderate input impedance | High input impedance (due to reverse bias on gate) |
| Relatively high power consumption | Relatively |
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unit-3
2.Draw the circuit diagram and explain the characteristics of BJT in CB configuration?
Characteristics ot BJT in CB Contiguration
The V-I characteristics of a BJT in the CB configuration describe the relationship
between the voltages and currents at the emitter and collector for various base
currents. These characteristics are divided into input and output characteristics.
1. Input Characteristics (Emitter-Base V-I Characteristics)
These characteristics show the relationship between the emitter
Political science
MODULE - I
1. Write a note on the nature of the party system in India since 1990 and its changing trends.
***The Indian party system underwent a significant transformation after 1990. This period
marked the decline of Congress dominance and the emergence of a competitive, fragmented,
and coalition-based party system. The nature of the party system since 1990 can be
understood through changes in structure, ideology, leadership, and voter behaviour.
Decline of One-Party Dominance
Until the
Organization Theory
ORGANIZATION THEORY
Study of how orgs function, structure themselves, make decisions, and interact with environment.
ORGANIZATION
Group of people working together to achieve common goals by coordinating resources.
PURPOSE OF ORGANIZATIONS
Achieve goals, create value, produce goods/services, adapt to environment, enable innovation, manage coordination.
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Profit: profit maximization via goods/services
Non-profit: social/service goals, no profit motive
Government: public service, policy