what is bitcoin? explain bit coin
Bitcoin is the foundational concept that introduced the world to blockchain technology. It is fundamentally a decentralized, peer-to-peer electronic cash system designed to solve the Double-Spending Problem without relying on a trusted third party like a bank. The Bitcoin network operates on a public, immutable ledger (the Bitcoin Blockchain) which chronologically records every transaction. This ledger is secured by the Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism, where
Clustering
👉 Firestore = data storage
👉 Clustering = data analysis
Biopsychology = study of biological basis of behaviour
Interdisciplinary: combines psychology, biology, neuroscience, medicine
Focuses on how brain, hormones, and nervous system affect behaviour and cognition
Applications: understanding mental disorders, learning, memory, emotional responses
Example: Studying stress response involves both hormonal and neural mechanisms
Relevance: helps in clinical psychology, neurorehabilitation, pharmacology
Chapter 1 — Introducing Sex and Gender
Concepts: Sex is biological (chromosomes, hormones, genitalia); Gender is socially constructed roles and behaviors; Gender Identity is an individual's internal sense of self; Gender Expression is how individuals display their gender; Sexual Orientation is the pattern of attraction.
Essay Tip: Explain that sex and gender are interrelated but distinct; include cultural examples to show variability.
The Shreya Singhal vs. Union of India (2015) case is a landmark judgment where the Supreme Court of India struck down Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, declaring it unconstitutional. Here's the key details:
- Background: Shreya Singhal, a law student, challenged Section 66A after two girls were arrested in 2012 for Facebook posts criticizing a Mumbai shutdown following a politician's death. The provision criminalized sending "grossly offensive," "menacing," or messages causing
Une entreprise est un système organisé qui combine des ressources humaines, financières et matériellesafin de produire des biens ou des services et créer de la valeur.
Selon Peter Drucker, la finalité de l’entreprise n’est pas de faire du profit, mais de satisfaire les besoins des clients, c’est-à-dire « créer du client ».
Le profit n’est pas une finalité, mais un moyen
1. Types of OS.
Operating systems can be classified based on their structure, usage, and capability:
Batch Operating System:
Jobs with similar needs are grouped (batched) and run together.
No direct interaction between the user and the computer during job execution.
Goal: Maximize CPU utilization.
Example: Used in environments that process large, repetitive tasks, like payroll systems.
Time-Sharing (Multitasking) OS:
The CPU switches rapidly between multiple jobs (processes) to give each user the impression...
1. CPU Scheduling and Their Time
CPU Scheduling is the process of deciding which of the processes in the ready queue should be allocated to the CPU for execution. It's necessary when a process switches from running to waiting, terminates, or when a new process is created.
Scheduling Criteria (Times):
The performance of a CPU scheduler is measured using several metrics, often expressed in terms of time:
CPU Utilization: The fraction of time the CPU is busy executing processes. (Goal: Maximize)
Throughput:...