IoT Design Methodology
IoT Design Methodology is a systematic approach used to design, develop, and deploy an IoT system. It ensures that the system is scalable, secure, and meets user needs.
Step-by-Step IoT Design Methodology
1. Purpose Specification
Defines why the IoT system is needed.
Identifies:
Problem to be solved
Target users
Expected outcomes
Example:
In a Smart City, the purpose may be reducing traffic congestion and saving fuel.
2. Process Specification
Describes how the system works
1RANIA : I tystnaden före katastrofen döljer sig ofta de farligaste hemligheterna. Deckargenre är en populär litterär genre som länge har lockat läsare med mysterier, brott och gåtor som steg för steg leder fram till en lösning. I vardagen används deckare ofta som underhållning, men genren fyller även en viktig roll genom att spegla samhällets normer, rädslor och syn på rättvisa. För individen skapar läsningen spänning och möjlighet till reflektion kring moral och mänskligt
Η διατήρηση των οικοσυστημάτων, όπως και κάθε άλλης οργανωμένης δομής, απαιτεί συνεχή προσφορά ενέργειας. Τα οικοσυστήματα που υπάρχουν στον πλανήτη μας, στην πλειονότητά τους, εισάγουν την ενέργεια που είναι απαραίτητη για τη διατήρηση της δομής τους με τη μορφή της ηλιακής
| Domain | What it is | Why it exists | Root assumption | Typical flaw | Exploited by | Attacker needs | Observable effect | Consequence | Difficulty | Main defenses | Exam trigger words |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Certification | Third-party statement of compliance | Build trust | Requirements well-defined | Wrong scope | Compliance gaming | Docs, audits | “Certified but insecure” | False sense of security | Medium | ISO 17000 family | attestation, conformity |
| Repeatability | Same tester, same setup | Reliability | Operator consistency | Human variance | Poor testing |
VERY SHOT
1.Define static and dynamic resistance.
A.Static resistance: The ratio of voltage to current at a particular operating point
R=V/I
Dynamic resistance: The ratio of a small change in voltage to the corresponding change in
current at an operating point r=dV/dI
2.Explain how the diode acts as switch.
A.ON state (Forward biased):When the anode is positive with respect to the cathode,
the diode conducts current with
very low resistance, behaving like a closed switch.
OFF state
UNIT-5
1.Briefly discuss about Photo diode?
Photodiode:
A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical
current. It operates based on the principle of the photovoltaic effect, where the
absorption of photons generates electron-hole pairs, leading to a current flow
when the device is connected in an electrical circuit.
Structure and Symbol:
*Structure: Photodiodes are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon.
They typically have a p-n junction, with the
Double helix: Twisted-ladder shape.
Nucleotide: Sugar (deoxyribose) + Phosphate + Nitrogenous base.
Bases: Purines (A, G); Pyrimidines (C, T).
Pairing: A–T (2 H-bonds), C–G (3 H-bonds).
Chargaff’s Rule: A=T, C=G.
Antiparallel strands: 5'→3' and 3'→5'.
Griffith: Transforming factor.
Avery: DNA is transforming factor.
Chargaff: Base pairing rule.
Hershey & Chase: DNA is genetic material.
Franklin & Wilkins:
क. व्यापार भनेको के हो?
Answer: व्यापार भनेको नाफा कमाउने उद्देश्यले वस्तु वा सेवा खरिद-बिक्री गर्ने कार्य हो ।
ख. आन्तरिक र बाह्य वा वैदेशिक व्यापारबिचको कुनै एउटा फरक लेख्नुहोस् ।
Answer: आन्तरिक व्यापार...
UNIT-4
1.8.COMPARE BJT AND FET?
| BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor) | FET (Field Effect Transistor) |
|---|---|
| Current controlled (base current controls collector current) | Voltage controlled (gate voltage controls drain current) |
| Both electrons and holes contribute to current flow | Only majority carriers (electrons in N-channel, holes in P-channel) |
| Moderate input impedance | High input impedance (due to reverse bias on gate) |
| Relatively high power consumption | Relatively |