Switches
Managed Switch: Configurable via software, supports security and communication settings. Used in large networks (enterprise, universities).
Unmanaged Switch: Fixed configuration, hardware-only, cannot be configured.
Ethernet & Speed - Fast Ethernet: 100 Mbps.Gigabit Ethernet: 1 Gbps.
Ethernet Protocol: Divides data into frames, encapsulates IP addresses, performs error detection.
Ports
Console Port: Connects PC/laptop to configure switch.
Communication Modes
Simplex (Half
Music
• Uwang Ahadas (Yakan, Basilan) – Master of traditional Yakan instruments (kwintangan, gabbang, bamboo gongs).
Importance of Tradition
• Protects heritage & culture.
• Combines functionality + creativity + cultural identity.
• Passed on to younger generations (schools, workshops, community).
• Tradition is Contemporary – adapted for modern use, remains relevant today.
Challenges Faced by Traditional Artists
1. Tourism – Rituals/dances altered for tourists; synthetic materials...
Executive Summary: Simple-Linear Aggression: On average, for every 1-unit increase in [X], the expected [Y] changes by β1 units (95% CI: …).
Multiplicative Model: On average, a 1-unit increase in [X] multiplies the median [Y] by exp(β1), i.e. a 100·(exp(β1)–1)% change (95% CI: …).
Power Law/Elasticity: A 1% increase in [X] is associated with a β1% change in [Y] (95% CI: …).
Categorical Variable: Students in Group A scored on average β1 units higher/lower than those in Group B (95%...
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DssClient {
public static long[] dssSign(long p, long q, long g, long x, long Hm, long k) {
long y = modPow(g, x, p);
long r = modPow(g, k, p) % q;
long kInv = modInverse(k, q);
long s = (kInv * (Hm + x * r)) % q;
System.out.println("\n---- Client: Signature Generation ----");
System.out.println("y = " + y);
System.out.println("r = " + r);
Q1) Define the term Quality?
Ans- Quality is the degree to which a product service, or process meets specified requirements and satisfies customer needs or expectations
Q2) What do you understand by quality characteristics?
Ans- Quality Characteristics refer to the specific features, attributes, or properties of a product, service, or process that determine its ability to meet customer needs and quality standards. LIKE-Durability, Reliability, Performance etc.
Q3) What are the different dimensions
17. Common factors in western religions – Belief in one God, belief in prophets, importance of holy scriptures, belief in heaven and hell.
18. Works of Shankaracharya – He wrote commentaries on the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and Brahmasutras. He established four mutts in India and propagated Advaita philosophy.
19. Public Interest Litigation can be filed when any issue affects the public at large and not only an individual.
20. Role of family in Indian society – Family provides love, security,...
Definition: Recognized, legitimate, mostly codified standards binding a community.
Characteristics:
Universal: Applies to everyone in the jurisdiction.
Coercive: Enforceable through institutions.
Open: Accessible and understandable to those subject to it.
Functions of Law:
Order: Maintain public, political, social, economic, international, and moral order.
Conflict Resolution: Provides peaceful ways to resolve disputes.
Rights Protection: Secures
1. Machine Learning – A field of AI where systems learn patterns from data to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed.
2. Find-Specific Hypothesis Algorithm – A concept learning algorithm that finds the most specific hypothesis consistent with the training examples.
3. Concept Learning Task – The task of inferring a Boolean-valued function from training examples of inputs and outputs.
4. Multilayer Network – An artificial neural network with one or more hidden layers