Q1. The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is one of the most important principles in statistics. It states that when we take many random samples from any population—no matter what the population’s original distribution looks like—the distribution of the sample means will approach a normal (bell-shaped) distribution as the sample size becomes large enough (usually n ≥ 30). This happens even if the population itself is not normally distributed. The CLT helps us understand that the average of a large
1. Análise SWOT – Apple Inc.
Forças (Strengths):
1. Forte reputação e marca global: A Apple é sinónimo de inovação, qualidade e design premium, o que lhe permite praticar preços elevados e fidelizar clientes.
2. Ecossistema integrado de produtos e serviços: A ligação entre hardware, software e serviços (iPhone, Mac, iCloud, Apple Music, etc.) cria uma experiência única e aumenta a dependência do consumidor.
Fraquezas (Weaknesses):
1. Preços elevados: Os produtos Apple são caros,...
| Concept | Command / Info | Key Point |
|---|---|---|
| OS Info | uname -a |
Show kernel, version, arch |
| List files | ls, ls -l, ls -als |
-l = detailed, -a = show hidden |
| Manual | man <cmd> |
View command help |
| Clear screen | clear |
Same as cls in Windows |
| Current dir | pwd |
Show current directory |
| Move dirs | cd, cd .., cd ~ |
Move / go up / go home |
| Make dir | mkdir <dir> |
Create folder |
| Rename / Move | mv <src> <dst> |
Rename or move files |
FORTRAN: FORmula TRANslation; scientific computing (arrays, loops, floats); Ideas - compiled code for speed; DO loop; subprograms; formatted I/O. Legacy: foundation of scientific programming.
ALGOL 60: ALGOrithmic Language; First machine-independent language; Introduced: block structure, recursion, BNF, format types, compound statements (begin...end); Legacy: basis for imperative languages
COBOL: COmmon Buisness-Oriented Language; buisness/data preprocessing; English-like syntax, records,
This topic analyzes how government intervention (taxes or subsidies) affects market equilibrium, consumer surplus (CS), producer surplus (PS), and total efficiency (DWL).
Tax Wedge: A tax ($\tau$) drives a wedge between the price buyers pay ($P_d$) and the price sellers receive ($P_s$).
$P_d = P_s + \tau$
The new equilibrium quantity ($Q_t$) is found where $Q_d(P_d) = Q_s(P_s)$.
Subsidy Wedge: A subsidy ($s$)
Cechy praw człowieka
- powszechne - przysługują wszystkim ludziom bez względu na ich przynależność państwową, pozycję społeczną i inne okoliczności.
- przyrodzone - przynależą każdemu człowiekowi od urodzenia do śmierci
- nienaruszalne - nie trzeba ich uzasadniać a państwo nie może ich zmieniać
- niezbywalne - nikt nie może odebrać człowiekowi tych praw ani on sam nie może z nich zrezygnować lub ich sprzedać
Generacja praw człowieka
I Generacja - Obejmuje wolność
MATLAB = MATrix LABoratory — a numerical computing environment and programming language built for engineering and math operations.
| Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Command Window | Execute code directly |
| Workspace | View and manage variables |
| Current Folder | File directory for scripts |
| Editor | Write .m scripts/functions |
| Figure Window | Displays plots |
| Help Browser | Documentation and examples |
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