Q1. Define Organisational Behaviour (OB). What are the various challenges and opportunities faced by OB managers? How does OB help in dealing with these challenges? Explain with help of examples.
In today’s rapidly changing business world, understanding human behaviour at work has become essential for every manager. Organisational Behaviour (OB) is the study that focuses on understanding, predicting, and influencing the behaviour of individuals and groups in an organisation.
comparison between Brick-and-Mortar Model and Online Business Model :
|
Basis of Comparison |
Brick-and-Mortar Model |
Online Business Model (E-Business) |
|
Meaning |
Traditional business with a physical store where customers visit to buy goods/services. |
Business conducted over the internet through websites or apps without a physical store. |
|
Presence |
Physical presence (shops, offices, showrooms). |
Virtual presence (website, e-commerce platform). |
|
Customer Interaction |
Face-to-face |
Meaning / Concept: Branding is the process of creating a unique name, symbol, design, or identity for a product or company that distinguishes it from competitors and builds a lasting image in the minds of consumers. importance / Significance:
1. Product Identification: Helps consumers easily identify and differentiate a product from similar offerings in the market.2. Customer Loyalty: Strong brands encourage repeat purchases and develop customer loyalty.3. Premium Pricing: Well-known brands can...
1) Prove:
\tan (x+y) + \tan (x-y) = \frac{\sin (2x)}{\cos (2y) - \cos (2x)}
Proof:
\tan (x+y) + \tan (x-y) = \frac{\sin (x+y)}{\cos (x+y)} + \frac{\sin (x-y)}{\cos (x-y)}
= \frac{\sin (x+y)\cos (x-y) + \sin (x-y)\cos (x+y)}{\cos (x+y)\cos (x-y)} Using formula:
= \frac{\sin [ (x+y) + (x-y) ]}{\cos (x+y)\cos (x-y)} = \frac{\sin (2x)}{\cos (x+y)\cos (x-y)}
\cos (2y) - \cos (2x) = -2\sin (x+y)\sin (x-y)
\cos (x+y)\cos (x-y) = \frac{1}{2}[\cos (2y) + \cos (2x)]
\frac{\sin (2x)}{\cos (x+y)\cos
SŁÓW. ROZ.
GRUPA B
Zadanie 1
Problem Statement:
Find the span of an array (difference between maximum and minimum elements).
Example:
Input: [3, 4, 7, 10, 1]
Output: 9 (since 10 - 1 = 9)
Approach:
Initialize max = -∞ and min = +∞.
Traverse the array once.
Update max if current element > max.
Update min if current element < min.
Return max - min.
Time Complexity: O(n)
Space Complexity: O(1)
Problem Statement:
Find the second largest element in an array without sorting
|
active |
aktywny |
|
boring |
nudny |
|
brilliant |
znakomity, błyskotliwy |
|
creative |
kreatywny, twórczy |
|
crowded |
zatłoczony |
|
exciting |
ekscytujÄ…cy |
|
friendly |
przyjazny |
|
popular |
popularny |
|
well-known |
dobrze znany |
|
always |
zawsze |
|
every day |
codziennie |
|
never |
nigdy |
|
often |
często |
|
seldom |
rzadko |
|
sometimes |
czasami |
|
usually |
zwykle, zazwyczaj |
|
aunt |
ciocia |
|
female |
kobieta |
|
grandchild |
wnuk |
|
granddaughter |
Postacie:
Erazm z Rotterdamu – humanista, krytyk Kościoła, ale bez rozłamu.
Niccolò Machiavelli – autor Księcia, uważał, że władca ma być skuteczny, niekoniecznie moralny.
Mikołaj Kopernik – teoria heliocentryczna.
Marcin Luter – zapoczątkował reformację, 95 tez, luteranizm.
Jan Kalwin – kalwinizm (predestynacja).
Ignacy Loyola – założyciel jezuitów.
Henryk VIII – odłączył Anglię od papieża, anglikanizm.
Armand Richelieu – kardynał, wzmocnił władzę
Sampling bias - sample was not representative of the population.
Non-response bias - only 24% returned surveys
SRS 1) Every member of the population has the same chance of being included in the sample (sample is representative of the population) 2) Members of the sample are chosen independently of each other
Random cluster sampling 1) Divide into smaller geographical sectors 2) Take a SRS of sectors 3) Count all samples in sectors and scale appropriately
Stratified Random sampling 1) Divide