Two objects are indiscernible if they have same values for a chosen set of attributes.
Forms equivalence classes (granules).
Basis for lower/upper approximations in Rough Sets.
Reduct
Minimum subset of attributes giving same classification power as full set.
Removing any attribute → information loss.
Core
Intersection of all reducts.
Contains attributes must for classification.
Example (Medical dataset)
Attributes:
Capital city of Canada → Otawa protestans Administrative division → 10 provinces Oficial languages → English, french Agriculture: main crops-s wheat, output: milk,leather livestock production- cattle, svinery rau maberials - iron, copper, gold, lead, silver, Industry: wood working, mining of metale, food industry
USA Administrative division: Alaska hawai Capital City: wasghinton DC
Oficial languago: doesnt have they have native language: english, spanish 2 crops of wheat cone → rye,
...1Transport morski (żegluga morska) -usługa która polega na przewozie w celach zarobkowych środkami transportu morskiego (statkami) pasażerów i ładunków przez wody morskie.Żegluga morska realizowana jest między portami morskimi
2.Zalety i wady transportu morskiego
Zalety;
-niski jednostkowy koszt przewozu na długich odcinkach
-duża ładowność (masywność)
-światowy zasięg
-możliwość przewozu wszystkich ładunków
Wady;
-niewielka prędkość transportu
-konieczność wykorzystania
1. Weighting schemes in weighted Cohen’s Kappa (linear vs. quadratic).
Linear weighting penalizes disagreements proportionally to category distance, suitable when graded differences are modest. Quadratic weighting penalizes larger disagreements more strongly, emphasizing severe misjudgments. Linear weights are simpler but less sensitive; quadratic weights capture nuanced graded relevance differences but may exaggerate minor annotation inconsistencies.
2. Thesaurus-based vs. feedback-based expansion...
HISTORY
The Age of Revolution: 1830-1848
● Bourbon kings were overthrown 2 set up a constitutional monarchy in July 1830. ● National feeling was the main focus area. ● Greece was struggling 4 independence which was a part of the Ottoman Empire. ● Greece was declared an independent nation in the Treaty of Constantinople signed in 1832. ● German philosopher, Johan Gottfried discovered the culture of common people through music, dance & folk poetry. ● There were fewer jobs & more
...Ch 11 Communication & Negotiation
Mehrabian’s Rule: Communication impact: 7% words, 38% tone, 55% body language (non-verbal dominates when messages are emotional/ambiguous).
York’s Experiment (non-verbal tactics): Students detected confidence, dominance, competence from posture, movement, and eye contact even without hearing words.Shows non-verbal cues strongly shape judgments.
Def of Comm: process of sending, receiving, and interpreting information between people.
Basic Model: Encoding
...DL 248/86
Só pessoa singular
Apenas pode ter 1 EIRL
Capital mínimo 5 000 €
Bens afetos ao EIRL respondem apenas pelas dívidas do EIRL
Sujeito a registo e publicação
Pode ser transmitido, locado, penhorado
Administração sempre pelo titular
Pode existir usufruto ou penhor (arts. 21.º e 22.º)
Civilās aizsardzības (CA) sistēma ir nacionālās drošības sastāvdaļa. Tajā ietilpst valsts un pašvaldību institūcijas, fiziskas un juridiskas personas ar likumā noteiktām tiesībām un pienākumiem. Sistēma balstās teritoriju sadarbības principā, un teritoriālās vienības ir novadi un republikas pilsētas. Galvenais normatīvais akts – Civilās aizsardzības un katastrofu pārvaldīšanas likums.
2...
#include <stdio.h>
#include <omp.h>
int main()
{
int n = 16, thread;
printf("\nEnter the number of tasks: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("\nEnter the number of threads: ");
scanf("%d", &thread);
omp_set_num_threads(thread);
printf("\n--------------------------------------\n");
#pragma omp parallel for schedule(static, 2)
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Thread %d executes iteration %