MODULE 1 — BASICS OF MANAGEMENT
1. Management Definition:
- Planning, organizing, directing, controlling resources efficiently and effectively.
2. Characteristics of Management:
- Goal-oriented, universal, continuous, social, multidisciplinary, coordinated.
3. Management — Science vs Art:
Science: systematic knowledge, cause-effect.
Art: creativity, personal skill, practice-based.
4. Taylor’s Scientific Management:
- Scientific selection, training, cooperation, division of responsibility,
ਵਿਆਖਿਆ:
ਨਾਮ ਉਹ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕਿਸੇ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ, ਪੱਥਰ, ਜਾਨਵਰ, ਥਾਂ, ਵਸਤੂ, ਭਾਵਨਾ ਜਾਂ ਧਾਰਨਾ ਦਾ ਪਛਾਣ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸਧਾਰਣ ਤੌਰ ‘ਤੇ ਨਾਮ ਸਾਡੇ ਆਲੇ-ਦੁਆਲੇ ਦੀਆਂ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਛਾਣਣ ਅਤੇ ਬੋਲਣ ਲਈ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ...
1. Social Groups: Meaning, Characteristics, and Classification -
Meaning of Social Groups
A social group is a set of individuals who interact regularly, share a sense of identity,
and are bound by common norms, values, or goals. Unlike mere aggregates (like
people waiting at a bus stop), a social group provides structure, stability, and
predictability to interactions. Members perceive themselves as part of a distinct
entity and develop a sense of belonging and loyalty.
Example: Family, student clubs,...
| negociation process: Stage 1: Planning and preparation | Stage 2: Relationship building between negotiation parties | Stage 3: Information exchange | Step 4: Persuasion attempts | Step 5: Concessions and agreement |
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ਤਰਲੋਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਚਹਿੱਲ ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਕਵਿਤਾ ਦੇ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਰਚਨਹਾਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਹਨ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਕਵਿਤਾ ਦਾ ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਭਾਵ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਸੰਵੇਦਨਾ, ਸਮਾਜਕ ਸੱਚਾਈ, ਮਿਹਨਤਕਸ਼ ਵਰਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਪੀੜਾ ਅਤੇ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦੇ ਅਸਤੀਤਵ ਨਾਲ ਜੁੜੀ ਜੁਝਾਰੂਤਾ...
1. FUNDAMENTALS OF ETHICS
Meaning of Ethics
Ethics is the systematic study of moral values, principles, duties, and standards that guide human behavior. In engineering, ethics provides a framework for decision-making, ensuring that engineers act with honesty, integrity, fairness, and responsibility toward society, the environment, and stakeholders.
Characteristics of Ethical Behaviour
1.Universality – Ethical principles apply broadly to all situations and people.
2.Impartiality – Decisions
...## Overview of the Cell Cycle -The cell cycle is an ordered sequence of events enabling a cell to grow, replicate its DNA, and divide into two genetically identical daughter cells, ensuring accurate genetic transmission. It comprises interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and the mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). During G1 phase, the cell grows metabolically, synthesizing proteins and organelles while assessing environmental conditions at the restriction point before committing to division. S
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BUDŻETOWANIE ZADANIOWE- oznacza metodę planowania wydatków, która opiera się na zarządzaniu przez cele UKŁAD ZADANIOWY- zdefiniowany w ustawie o finansach publicznych jako układ wydatków z podziałem na funkcję, zadania o podzadania, wraz z celem i miernikami BUDŻET W SZEROKIM ZNACZENIU – obejmuje całokształt informacji na temat planowania rezultatów, które mają zostać osiągnięte na skutek wydatkowania środków budżetowych Dopasuj nazwę