A computer is an electronic device that accepts input, processes data according to instructions, stores information, and produces output. It operates through both hardware (physical components like CPU, memory, storage) and software (programs and operating systems).[1][2][7] ### Definition: A computer is an electronic device that processes information based on a set of instructions, storing, retrieving, and manipulating data to perform a wide range of tasks efficiently.[2][1]
### Characteristics:
IEEE 802.15.4 is a low-power, low-data-rate wireless standard used for IoT sensor
networks.
Iske upar 3 main protocols banaye gaye hain:
1. Zigbe Zigbee is a low-power, low-cost wireless mesh protocol for smart homes and IoT
automation.
✔ Advantages
• Supports mesh networking → long-range coverage
• Very low power consumption
• Cheap modules
• Reliable for home automation
✘ Disadvantages
• Low data rate
• Not suitable for high-speed applications
• Limited range without mesh
1. Wie startet man eine bash-Shell.
Ein Terminal öffnen oder bash eingeben.
2. Wie startet man einen Web-Browser aus der Kommandozeile. Was bedeutet das & in
dem Kontext?
firefox &, & startet im Hintergrund.
3. Was ist für ein sicheres Kennwort/Password zu beachten?
Lang, komplex, ohne persönliche Daten.
4. Wie können Sie Ihr Kennwort in einer shell ändern?
Mit dem Befehl passwd.
5. Welchen Unterschied sehen Sie, wenn Sie die Befehle "ls" und "ls -a" ausführen?
ls zeigt normale
| XML | HTML |
|---|---|
| Extensible Markup Language | HyperText Markup Language |
| Used to store and transport data | Used to display data in browser |
| User-defined tags | Predefined tags |
| Case-sensitive | Not case-sensitive |
| Strict syntax, errors not tolerated | Flexible, errors tolerated |
| Focus: Data | Focus: Presentation |
| ID | Class |
|---|---|
| Unique for one element | Can be used for many elements |
| Used for JS targeting | Used mainly for styling |
|
Singulāris |
Plurālis |
||||
|
Cокра-щение |
Полный вариант |
Перевод |
Сокра- щение |
Полный вариант |
Перевод |
|
A. |
arteria |
артерия |
Aа. |
arteriae |
артерии |
|
B. |
bursa |
сумка |
Bb. |
bursae |
сумки |
|
For. |
forāmen |
отверстие |
Forr. |
foramĭna |
отверстия |
|
Gangl. |
ganglion |
ганглий |
Gangll. |
ganglia |
ганглии |
|
Gl. |
glandǔla |
железа |
Gll. |
glandǔlae | |
Lcd display
#define F_CPU 1000000UL //1 MHz clock
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
void lcdCommand(unsigned char cmnd)
{
PORTA = cmnd;
PORTB &= ~(1<<0); //RS = 0 for command
PORTB &= ~(1<<1); //RW = 0 for write
PORTB |= (1<<2); //EN=1 for H to L pulse
_delay_us(1);
PORTB &= ~(1<<2); //EN=0 for H to L pulse
_delay_us(100);
}
void lcdData(unsigned char data)
{
PORTA = data;
PORTB |= (1<<0)
...6Q1. Write short notes on (Any Four) — (4 × 5 = 20)
Impurities — physical (suspended solids, turbidity), chemical (dissolved salts, hardness, metals, pH), biological (bacteria, viruses, protozoa), and organics (oil, pesticides).
Treatment processes (typical sequence):
Intake & Screening — remove large debris.
Coagulation & Flocculation — add coagulant (alum/iron salts) to destabilize colloids; gentle mixing forms flocs.
a) What are the disadvantages of virtualization?
b) What is the difference between distributed objects and RPC?
c) Define Federated Clouds.
a) Disadvantages of Virtualization
(Any 3 points for 2 marks)
Performance Overhead:
Virtual machines run on top of a hypervisor, so applications may not perform as fast as on physical hardware.
High Initial Cost:
Powerful servers, hypervisors, and storage systems are required, which increases setup cost.
Complex Management:
Managing multiple VMs, snapshots,
Assigns items to groups (A, B, C) based on value/importance.
Example: A = laptops, B = keyboards, C = mousepads.
Receiving goods from multiple sources.
Example: A DC receives shipments from 10 factories.
Assigns cost based on activities, not departments.
Example: Shipping-heavy customers show higher cost-to-serve.
Matching inventory to customer orders.
Example: DC allocates 50 units to a customer order.
Inventory