BIOMINING

One of the smallest representatives of life forms, BACTERIA, can be seen as a mixed blessing. They cause diseases to plants and animals even to human beings such as tuberculosis and leprosy on one side and they also convert milk into curd. In last couple of decades, we have identified bacteria as miners. These diminutive diggers have become assets to the mining industry eliminating traditional offensive methods which use explosives, toxic chemicals, and high temperatures (Science, Vol

SINGLY LINKED LIST

// Insert at beginning 0

Algorithm InsertAtBeginning(data):1. newNode = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node))2. newNode->data = data3. newNode->next = head4. head = newNode

// Insert at endAlgorithm InsertAtEnd(data):1. newNode = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node))2. newNode->data = data3. newNode->next = NULL4. If head == NULL:

head = newNodeElse:temp = headWhile temp->next != NULL:temp = temp->nexttemp->next = newNode;

// Insert at position Algorithm InsertAtPos(data, pos)

Data Analytics Life Cycle in Big Data

1. Discovery : Goal: Understand the problem and define objectives. Identify business challenges. Determine project scope and potential value. Assess available resources (data, tools, skills). Understand data sources and feasibility. Example: A retail company wants to improve sales forecasting using big data analytics.2. Data Preparation: Goal: Collect, clean, and organize the data. Gather data from various sources (structured, semi-structured, unstructured).

ASME 31.1

Scope: Applies to power piping systems handling steam, water, oil, gas, air, and other fluids for industrial power applications.

Conservative Design: Uses higher safety factors and more conservative stress limits than B31.3.

Material Requirements: Focuses on robust materials suitable for high-pressure and high-temperature service.

Fabrication & Welding: Strict welding procedures and qualifications to ensure high integrity under continuous operation.

Stress Analysis: Includes requirements

Ans. The following steps are involved in the construction of recombinant DNA(i) Preparation of gene. Gene cloning in bacteria is achieved by cleaving DNA with the enzyme restriction endonucleases. It makes small fragments. Each fragment has a sticky end. Eukaryotic genes contain introns that are not processed. In bacteria, DNA for cloning is usually obtained from relevant mRNA by the process of reverse transcription. In cases where nucleotide or amino acid sequences are known, synthetic DNA may

Regulation of enzyme activity Ans.Any substance that reduces the velocity of an enzyme catalysed reaction can be called an inhibitor. The inhibition of enzyme activity is one of the major regulatory mechanisms of the cell. It is of the following types (a)Competitive inhibition. Here, organic molecules compete with the substrate for binding at the active site of the enzyme. Such inhibitors show a close resemblance to the substrate of the enzyme. Instead of the enzyme-substrate complex, enzyme-inhibitor

A contraposiçao entre as concepçoes ontologica e funcional da culpa penal reflete diferentes formas de compreender o juizo de censura e a sua relaçao c/ os fins da pena. A concepçao ontologica funda-se n1a ideia de culpa da vontade, baseada na autonomia etica da pessoa e no livre-arbitrio, 2º a kal a culpabilidade exprime a censura pelo uso da liberdade no sentido contrario ao Direito. Em contrapartida, a concepçao funcional encara a culpa n1a logica instr1ental (meio-fim), orientada por