Why Does Lower-Quality Land Lead to Lower Profit? (Ricardo)
1. Best land = used first (high productivity); lower-quality land = used later (low productivity).
2. More land = ↓ yield per unit of labor/capital; output costs ↑ as worse land is used.
3. Best land now has surplus over worst land; surplus = rent to landowners.
4. Lower productivity → food prices ↑; workers need ↑ wages to survive.
5. Higher wages = ↓ capitalist profits; profits squeezed as rent ↑ + wages ↑.
6. Capital
...Portfolio investments: have interest, dividends, or capital gains à tax interest when you receive it at ordinary rates. Dividends are taxed and so are corresponding capital gains. Qualified dividends: investors hold stock for more than 60 days during the 121 day pd that begins 60 days before the ex-dividend date, the first date on which the purchasers of the stock would not be eligible to receive a declared dividend. These are taxed at 0/15/20%. Nonqualified dividends are taxed at ordinary rates....
Quantity Identity of Money: M x V = P x Y (M = money, V = velocity, P = price level, Y = real GDP, P x Y = nominal GDP)
To calculate inflation, multiply new prices by # of old goods (total)
m + v = pi + y: growth rates of quantity identity of money, assuming v = 0 in long run, pi = m - y (inflation = money supply growth - real GDP growth)
Inflation makes it easier for central banks to respond to shocks w/ lower real interest rates since r = i - pi (this is why you can overcome zero lower bound by...
Os Argumentos Cosmológicos procuram provar a existência de Deus a partir de dados, de factos empíricos, o que se capta através dos sentidos.
Quando observamos os seres sensíveis (tudo o que existe no universo, quer sejam seres vivos ou inanimados) perguntamo-nos qual será a sua origem e percebemos que hão de ter certas causas, causas designadas como eficientes (causas que provocam
* A TILÁPIA É UM PEIXE DE ÁGUA DOCE. MAS ALGUMAS ESPÉCIES SÃO CAPAZES DE SE ADAPTAR A AMBIENTE COM MAIOR SALINIDADE (ÁGUA SALGADA), COMO ESTUÁRIO OU ÁREAS COSTEIRAS.É UM PEIXE ÓSSEO, ESQUELETOS COMPOSTO POR OSSOS. COM APÊNDICES PRESENTES EM FORMA DE NADADEIRA. MAS AS OUTRAS ESPÉCIES TAMBÉM PODE SER CARTILAGIONOSOS. FORMATO DO CORPO E TAMANHO VARIAM DE ACORDO COM ESPÉCIE E AMBIENTE - NORMALMENTE TEM SIMETRIA BILATERAL, COM EXCEÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES COMO LINGUADOS. A TILÁPIA É UM PEIXE
Une étoile est une boule de gaz qui brille et émet de la chaleur
Une planète est plus petite, elle n’émet pas de lumière
Les planètes tournent toujours autour d’une étoile
La force d’attraction s’appelle aussi la gravitation universelle, son principe et simple : les objets s’attirent entre-eux ainsi la pomme est attiré par la terre
Dans le système solaire, les planètes sont attirés par le soleil, elle ne s’écrase pas parce qu’elle vont très vite plus une planète est proche...
temporal parallelism:-temporal parallelism It's a clever way to speed things up in parallel computing by thinking about tasks in terms of stages or a pipeline. Instead of having one processor do everything for one piece of data before moving to the next, we break down the work into sequential steps and have different processors work on different stages of the pipeline simultaneously.With temporal parallelism, while one processor is loading the next image, another processor could be preprocessing
Identificar elementos biográficos de Thomas Kuhn
Thomas Kuhn foi um filósofo e físico norte-americano, autor de A Estrutura das Revoluções Científicas, obra onde apresentou as suas ideias sobre a evolução da ciência e os paradigmas científicos.
2. Definir o conceito de comunidade científica
A comunidade científica é o conjunto de cientistas que partilham um mesmo paradigma, aceitando os mesmos princípios teóricos, métodos e normas para resolver problemas científicos e validar conhecimento.
“Good [morning/afternoon], everyone. Today, I’ll be sharing my
review of a powerful and moving novel titled The Kite Runner. It
was written by Khaled Hosseini and published by Riverhead
Books in 2003. This historical drama spans 371 pages and takes
readers on an emotional journey through friendship, betrayal,
and redemption in the backdrop of Afghanistan’s changing history.”
First, there’s Amir. Amir is the novel’s protagonist—a privileged
Pashtun boy who struggles with guilt and self-worth