*Justice
*Meaning*: Justice is the ideal of fairness in society. The Preamble aims to secure _Social, Economic and Political Justice_ for all citizens.
*Types*:
- *Social Justice*: No discrimination on caste, religion, gender. Equal status and dignity. _Articles 14-18, 38_.
- *Economic Justice*: Fair wealth distribution, adequate livelihood, no exploitation. _Article 39(b)(c)_.
- *Political Justice*: Equal political rights, one person one vote. _Articles 325, 326_.
*Key Case*: _Kesavananda Bharati
1.Explain the Candidate-Elimination algorithm with a suitable example. Describe how the version space is maintained.
The Candidate-Elimination Algorithm is a concept learning method in Machine Learning that identifies all hypotheses consistent with the training data. Instead of finding just one hypothesis, it maintains a version space—the set of all hypotheses that correctly classify the observed examples.
The version space lies between two boundaries:
S (Specific boundary)
EXPERIMENT 4 — DETECTION OF COLIFORM BACTERIA IN WATER
-Adoption Process- innovators early adopters early majority late majority laggards
-Administered VMS- coordination through size/power not ownership
-Advertising- paid nonpersonal promotion by sponsor
-Advertising Agency- firm that plans+executes ads
-Advertising Budget Methods- affordable percentage sales competitive parity objective task
-Advertising Objectives- informative persuasive reminder
-Advertising Strategy- message creation+media selection
-AI in Marketing- analyzing data for better decisions
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Strategic Planning-Process of creating a long-term fit between company goals, capabilities, and market opportunities--Mission Statement-Defines company purpose and emphazises strengths and customer experience. SBU- A division, product line or single product Brand--BCG Growth Share Matrix- uses market growth(attractiveness) +market share (strength)>>>categories STAR: HIGH GROWTH, HIGH SHARE CASHCOW:LOW GROWTH, HIGH SHARE QUESTION MARKS: HIGH GROWTH LOW SHARE DOGS: LOW GROWTH LOW SHARE---
1. Sole Proprietorship
onditions: General (age 18+, legal capacity, clean record Specific (education/practice
Types based on capability:
• Handicraft: requires apprentice certificate.
• Bounded: requires special certification.
• Free: no specific qualifications needed.
Liability: Unlimited (personal assets included).
4. Limited Liability Co. (S.R.O.)
Most popular in Slovakia. 1 to 50 partners.
Capital: Min. 5,000 €, min. partner deposit 750 ‹
Liability: Limited (up to deposit height
• Risk Fund:
Regression and Segmentation are two important analytical approaches used in data science. Regression is used to predict continuous numerical values, such as sales, profit, or temperature. It establishes a relationship between dependent and independent variables. On the other hand, Segmentation (often linked with clustering) is used to group similar data points into distinct categories based on patterns, such as customer segmentation in marketing.Supervised and Unsupervised learning are the two main
4Ps IN OP(COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES)Operations and supply chain strategy is built around a set of competitive dimensions that determine how a firm creates value for customers. According to the slides, these include price, quality, delivery speed, delivery reliability, and flexibility.Price refers to the ability of a firm to produce and deliver its product or service at low cost.Quality reflects the ability to provide a superior product or service that meets or exceeds customer expectations. Delivery
MODULE I – INSURANCE LAW (CHIT CONTENT IN ENGLISH WITH ONE LINE DESCRIPTION)
3. Nature of Insurance
Insurance is a legal contract that transfers risk and provides financial security.
4. Historical Development of Insurance
Insurance developed...