INTERLANGUAGE: It recognizes that L2 Ls construct a linguistic system that draws, in part, on the L’s L1 but is also diff from it and also from the target lang. It is a unique linguistic system and involves diff premises such as: 1) L constructs a system of abstract linguistic rules which underlies comprehension and production of the L2. This system is viewed as a mental grammar. 2)L’s grammar is permeable. It is open to influence from the outside (ex, through the input) and also from...
Sources of Problems in Groups
3 main potential sources for probl:
a) Teacher-gorup conflict: - Conflict of expectat about progr. - Resistance to communicative methods. - Resistance to leadership style. - Rebellion against authority.
b) Intra-group conflict: - Different aims, levels of ability, or motivat. - An inharmonius mix of ages, personalities, sexes, or nationalities.
c) The "indigestible" group member: - Misfits. - The insecure. - Rebels. - Frustrated Leader. -----integrate misfits...
Control as a Natural attribute of Learning.
To what extent are we born self-directed Ls? Thomson says that as young children, we are take control over the learning of our L1, but as learning becomes more complex we appear to give up much of our autonomy. When we learn foreign langs as teenagers or adults, we seem to find self-dir learning difficult and even show a preference for direction by Ts and learning materials.
Self-Instruction: Jones defines it as a deliberate long-term learning project...
The Grammar of Discourse
The fact that we have grammatical options helps us negociate social relationships. We can choose certain grammar structures over others to express our attitudes, to allocate power, & to establish & maintain our identities, among other things.
Understanding the choices that people exercise helps us interpret the intentions of others. There are several other areas of choice in grammar that need to be considered in order to fully explicate appropriateness in the use...
RULES AND REASONS
Gram Rules & Reasons
Gr & rules are undoubtedly synonimous in the minds of Ls and Ts. The association between them is powerful because the partnership has been fruitful. Rules have served the learning of lang by capturing generalizations about morphosyntactic regularities in a lang. Rules also allow material developers to work with "right-sezed" chunck of lang, to help sts deal in an orderly and systematic way with the grammar of the target lang. Most lang ts work...
3 Dimensions are learned differently
The author believes that the 3 dimens are learned differently & that therefore they have to be taught differently. Sometimes we can make such strong semantic bonds that they stick, though that is not what it takes to learn a lexican item. Learning use requires that Ls devellop a sensitivity to context. Certain techniques lend themselves more to teaching 1 dimension rather than the others.
The importance of all 3 dimensions
In Linguistics: Knowing...
The 3 Dimensions Applied to Language in Communication
Form: Phonology / Graphology / Semiology, morphology, syntax --------- Accuracy-------------HOW IS THE UNIT FORMED?
The forms of a lang consists of the visible or audible units: sounds, written symbols, inflectional morphemes, functions words & syntactic structures.
Meaning: Semantics-------------- WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
Semantics is the study of meaning potential encoded in lang. This is what we would learn about a particular form if we...
Talking Shop: Aspects of Autonomous Learning. An Interview with Leslie Dickinson
Who is the interviewer?
Tricia Hedge, a Senior Lecturer at Nottingham Univ. Since 1972 she has taught sts and ts in univs in Sweden, Japan and UK on a wide variety of programmes: Eng for Academic Purposes, Eng for Professional Purposes, and both pre-service and in-service education. Tricia is the author of Teaching and Learning in the Lang Classroom and Resource Books for Ts: Writing, She is also co-editor of Power,
...Why the ROAD TO AUTONOMY/ Is there a dead end? In order for sts to become more conscious of their own learning, ts should guide and raise their awareness. They need to be encouraged to consider and discover the factors which are influential in lang learning. In order to accomplish this, T and STS should embark on a discovery journey, in which the T leads LS to help them reach autonomy. Undeniably, there may not be a final destination at all, in the shape of complete autonomy, as most STS will...