Introduction:
Planck's radiation law is a fundamental principle in quantum physics that explains the spectral distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a blackbody in thermal equilibrium. This law resolved the limitations of classical physics, especially the "ultraviolet catastrophe" predicted by Rayleigh-Jeans law at short wavelengths.
Before Planck, scientists used Wien’s law and Rayleigh-Jeans law to describe blackbody radiation,...
Sports psychology is the scientific study of how mental factors influence sports performance and how participation in sports and exercise impacts mental and emotional well-being. It plays a key role in understanding the behavior of athletes, improving performance, and ensuring mental health. The main aim of sports psychology is to enhance athletic performance by developing mental skills such as focus, motivation, confidence, stress control, and emotional regulation....
Code Napoleon (1804): wetboek voor gelijkheid → afschaffing kerkelijk recht, gelijk privaatrecht, invloed tot nu.
Bestuur: stelde prefecten aan + nieuwe indeling: departementen (96 + overzeese).
Fort Napoleon (1811): verdediging tegen Engeland via Oostende → nooit gebruikt voor oorlog.
Onderwijs: centrale scholen & lycea, verplicht voor 12–21 jaar.
Metriek stelsel: uniforme maten/gewichten → droom: Europese markt.
Spanje & boycot Engeland: invasie mislukt, guerrilla-oorlog (→ Spaanse
2. State and explain the Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. (3 marks)
Faraday’s First Law: Whenever there is a change in the magnetic flux linked with a coil, an EMF (electromotive force) is induced in it.
Faraday’s Second Law: The magnitude of induced EMF is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
Mathematical Expression:
D/phi/dt .
Where:
• N = number of turns,
• Phi = magnetic flux,
• Negative sign indicates Lenz’s law (opposition to change).
⸻
Q1 PCM.VL (30%D,70%E,rD=5%), FCF=$10M, rE=10% - No Arb
VU = $10M/10%=VL,DL= 0.3*100m=30m, EL=0.7*100m=70m,
Perpetual Return VU=1%*FCF,VL=1*(10-5%*30)+1%*5%*30
PCM except Tc. Q2 Project 1 =10m(50%),P2=22m(brup50%),
rF =10%,Tc20%Lev Recap+Financial Distress FCF=10m*
(1-20%)=8m,Projval=(8m/10%)*0.5+(22m/1.1)*0.5=50m
-> MV BS Assets: Project = 50m, LE: D=0,E=50m
Levered Recap w perp cpn bnds (then repurchase equity w
proceeds). par = 15m, cpn r=10% ITS:DxTcx50% ->
MV BS post-announcement A:
...Soil Properties- soil texture, structure and organict influence detachment and transporation process
Accelerated soil erosion- more rapid erosion than natural or geological erosion unnatural human activities:
Gravitational Erosion -is not as common to watererosion but can cause damageto natural and man-made strucutures
Splash erosion- Raindrops falling on bare soil detach particles and splash them up into the air
Sheet erosion- Soil particles are easily transported in a thin layer or sheet by flowing
प्रश्न 1 - बैंहकिं ग क्षेत्र में हहिंदी के प्रयोग किने में उत्पन्न प्रमुख रुकावटें कौन-कौन सी है? इनके समाधान के महत्वपूर्क उपाय हिखे।
परिचय- आधुनिक परिवेश में बैंकिंग क्षेत्र के विभिन्न कार्य
18. Seebohm Rowntree industrial How he did it: Conducted detailed surveys of poverty in York (early 1900s). Identified ‘poverty line’—the minimum income needed for basic needs. Showed links between poverty, poor health, and low life expectancy.
Short-term impact: Challenged the idea that poverty was due to laziness. Provided evidence that many people were poor through no fault of their own. Pressured government and charities to act. Long-term impact: Influenced development of social welfare