(10 Marks)
Input matrices A and B stored in HDFS.
Map Phase: Emits key-value pairs for each element multiplication.
Mapper emits (i,j), value = A[i][k]×B[k][j].
Shuffle Phase: Groups values by (i,j).
Reduce Phase: Sums all values for each key (i,j).
Final result = Σ A[i][k]×B[k][j].
Each Mapper processes partial multiplication.
Reducer aggregates partial results.
Data locality optimizes performance.
Scalable to huge
Il Museo
Il termine "museo" deriva dal greco antico Mouseion (Μουσεῖον), che significa "luogo sacro alle Muse". Le
Muse erano le figlie di Zeus e protettrici delle arti e delle scienze, considerate le ispiratrici di ogni forma di
creazione intellettuale. Il primo Mouseion è stato la famosa Biblioteca di Alessandria d'Egitto, fondata nel III
secolo a.C. da Tolomeo I, che ospitava una vasta collezione di libri e manoscritti, dove studiosi, poeti e
filosofi...
Diffusion Theory explains how new ideas, innovations, or messages spread among members of a social system over time. In Public Relations, this theory helps understand how people adopt new information or behavior communicated by an organization.
Developed by Everett Rogers in his book “Diffusion of Innovations” (1962).
It describes how people move through stages before accepting an idea or innovation.
Awareness:
#include <stdio.h>
int linearsearch(int arr[], int size, int key) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (arr[i] == key) {
return i; // return index if key is found
}
}
return -1; // return -1 if key not found
}
int main() {
int arr[] = {10, 50, 20, 90, 60, 40, 30, 80, 70};
int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
int key = 50; // element to be searched
int result = linearsearch(arr, size, key);
| Metric | Meaning | Trade-off / Exam Tip |
|---|---|---|
| Precision = TP/(TP+FP) | “How accurate are my churn flags?” | ↑ Precision → few false alarms |
| Recall = TP/(TP+FN) | “How many real churners caught?” | ↑ Recall → catch more churners |
| AUC | Prob(model ranks churner > non-churner) | 0.5 = random, 1 = perfect |
| ROC Curve | TPR (Recall) vs FPR (1-Specificity) | Bows top-left = better |
Data Science combines statistics, computer science, and domain knowledge to extract insights from data. The main goal is to uncover hidden patterns, trends, and other valuable information from large datasets to make informed, data-driven decisions. It deals with both structured (e.g., Excel tables) and unstructured (e.g., text, images) data.
Process: The typical data science lifecycle includes:
Problem Definition: Understanding the business question.
Data Collection: Gathering
q1 freedom of speech and article 19
Media rights come under Article 19(1)(a) – freedom of speech and expression.
2. Constitutional Framework
A. Article 19(1)(a)
• Grants every citizen the right to express themselves freely.
• Media, being the medium of speech, enjoys this right as well.
• Freedom includes:
o Right to print and publish news.
o Right to criticize government policies.
o Right to access information (subject to laws).
o Right to broadcast through TV, radio, internet.
B. Article 19(2) –
The SR flip-flop is one of the simplest sequential circuits and serves as a fundamental building block for more complex flip-flops. It's a 1-bit memory device with two inputs: Set (S) and Reset (R). It has two outputs, Q and its complement Qˉ.
An SR flip-flop can be constructed using two cross-coupled NAND gates (or NOR gates). Here is the logic diagram using NAND gates:
The working principle is as follows:
Set Condition (S=0,R=1)
1. Explain How Rapid Human Population Growth Impacts the Environment.
Introduction:
Rapid human population growth refers to a significant and continuous increase in the number of people on Earth. While population growth can lead to economic development and technological advancements, it also puts immense pressure on the environment. The overuse of natural resources, increased pollution, and habitat destruction are just a few of the serious consequences. As the global population grows,...