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Instrumentation
Draw and explain working of ramp type ADC with block diagram and waveform.
Working Principle:
Start Signal: A start signal initializes the ramp generator and resets the counter.
Ramp Generation: The ramp generator starts generating the sawtooth waveform.
Comparison: The comparator continuously compares the ramp voltage with the analog input voltage.
Counting: As long as the ramp voltage is lower than the analog input, clock pulses are allowed to pass through the gate circuit and are counted by
Fpl eng
Q1. Working Of Increment and Decrement Operator.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 10;
printf("%d\n",a++); // a = a + 1 => a = 11
printf("%d\n",a--); // a = a - 1 => a = 10
int count = 5;
printf("%d\n", ++count); // prints 6 (prefix increment)
printf("%d\n", count--); // prints 6, then count becomes 5 (postfix decrement)
return 0;
Q.Tokens:A token is the smallest unit of meaning in a programming languageThe tokens would be: 1. int → keyword 2. x → identifier 3. =
javaa
What is JVM? How is it different from JRE?
JVM vs JRE (4 Marks - Point Format):
-
JVM (Java Virtual Machine):
It is an abstract machine that runs Java bytecode, enabling platform independence by converting bytecode into machine code. -
JRE (Java Runtime Environment):
It is a software package that provides the necessary environment to run Java applications. It includes the JVM, core libraries, and other files. -
Function:
JVM is responsible for execution only, whereas JRE provides everything needed
Cheatsheet
1. Fractional Knapsack Problem (Greedy Approach)
-------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Item {
int weight, profit;
float ratio;
};
int compare(const void *a, const void *b) {
struct Item *i1 = (struct Item *)a;
struct Item *i2 = (struct Item *)b;
return (i2->ratio > i1->ratio) - (i2->ratio < i1->ratio);
}
void fractionalKnapsack(int n, int capacity, struct Item items[]) {
for (int i =...
Sceicne
Cells are open systems – they exchange both matter and energy with their environment.
Open System Examples (Cells):
-
In: Water, oxygen, nutrients, solar energy (in plants)
-
Out: Carbon dioxide, waste, thermal energy, kinetic energy
Need Organ System Nutrient intake & use Digestive Gas exchange Respiratory, circulatory Movement & growth Musculoskeletal Response to stimuli Nervous Waste removal Excretory, respiratory, digestive Reproduction Reproductive
...Need Organ
bio practicle
Q1: What is tar? Tar is a sticky brown substance that is the main cause of lungs cancer in smokers. Q#2: How tar is produced? Tar is the particulate matter which is produced by burning of tobacco and forms a component of cigarette smoke. Q#3: What is the colour of healthy man's lungs? It is pinkish in colour Q#4: What is the condition of smoker's lungs? Smoker's lungs are blackish due to deposition of tar. Smoker's lungs also contain some spots What are the effects of smoking? Immediate health...
What is the Policyholder Grievance Redressal System?
Grievance Redressal System Objectives of the Grievance Redressal System: To protect the interests of policyholders. To provide a structured channel for resolving complaints. To enhance customer satisfaction and trust. To ensure compliance with IRDAI guidelines. To improve service delivery and transparency. ⚙ Key Components / Parts of the System: 1. Grievance Redressal Officer (GRO): 2. Multiple Complaint Channels: 3. Acknowledgement of Complaint: 4. Resolution Timeline: 5. Grievance Escalation
oops java
Multithreaded
• Multithreading is a Process to execute multiple threads at the same time withoutdependency of other thread called Mullltithreading .
• Java supports multithreaded programming, which allows you to write programs that do many things simultaneously.
• A multithreaded program contains two or more parts that can run concurrently.
Each part of such a program is called a thread.
• Thread is a predefined class which is available in java.lang package. Thread is a basic unit of CPU and
Policy
Study Notes: Environmental Policy and Management Systems
Key Parts & Chapters Overview
PART 1: Foundations of Environmental Policy
1. Environmental Law
- Definition: Legal framework addressing human impact on the environment (air/water pollution, waste, biodiversity, etc.).
- Scope: Includes treaties, statutes, and regulations (e.g., Basel Convention).
- Purpose: Protect ecosystems and human health by regulating resource use and pollution.
- Examples:
- Eco-energy policies to combat climate change.