***1.2.5 Objectives of Auditing There are two types of objectives of an audit. (1) Principal Objects (main object), (2) Secondary or Supplementary Objects. The principal object of the audit is to get confirmed and convey the true and fair position of the business. The supplementary object of the audit is (a) detection of errors, (b) detection of frauds, (c) prevention of errors and frauds. The details of the objects of an audit are as follows: (1) Principal Objects (Main objects)
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
They are medicines that reduce pain, swelling and fever without making you sleepy.
They are also known as NSAIDs, that are widely used for the treat- ment of minor pain and for the management of edema and tissue damage resulting from inflammatory joint disease.
Mechanism of Action
• They blocks cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes responsible for production of prostaglandins, which promotes inflammation, pain and fever reduced by it.
Drugs
Sodium salicyclate
• Aspirin Mefenamic
Biology CHAPTER 1, 2, 3- Exam revision
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryote: single celled organism, made up of prokaryotic cells, they don't contain membrane bound organelles. Examples: bacteria, archaea.
Eukaryotes: a single celled or multicellular organism, made up of eukaryotic cells, they contain membrane bound organelles. Examples: protists, fungi, plants, animals.
Organelles in plants and animal cells
Q.Explain (UDL)& (UVL) is converted into. sketch
1. Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL) Definition: Load is evenly spread across a length of a beam.Magnitude of Point W=w×L Load:where: = intensity of UDL (N/m or kN/m)= length over which UDL acts
UDL: Equivalent Point Load:
|‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾| | ↓ W = w × L
| w N/m | | (at L/2)
|___________| |_______________
<----- L -----> <----- L ----->
2. Uniformly Varying Load (UVL)Definition: Load intensity varies linearly
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN RELATION TO BIOLOGICAL ACTION
Physicochemical Properties refers to physical and chemical characteristics of a drug molecule that influence it's behaviour in biological systems. • These properties plays a crucial role in determining the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.
• It includes:
⑦Ionisation
②Solubility
3 Partition Coefficient
Hydrogen Bonding © Protein Binding ⑥Chelation
Bibisosterism
Optical Geometrical Isomerism.
IONISATION
BARBITURATES
Barbiturates are potent CNS depressants.
They are medicines that slow down brain or CNS activity.
They can be very strong and risky if not used carefully.
They are used to treat anxiety, sleep problems and siezures etc. They includes:
Barbital *
2 Phenobarbital
③Mephobarbital
Amobarbital
→ Butabarbital ⑥Pentobarbital
→ Secobarbital
MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Barbiturates are work by increasing the effect of GABA, a calming chemical of brain and slows down brain activity, helping
MML7 Including intermediate Filaments - Cytoskeleton structure and function.
Actin is the most abundant intracellular protein in a eukaryotic cell, some organisms may only have one gene. Humans have 6 actin genes that encode different isoforms. 4 α actin isoforms present in various muscle cells. β and γ actin isoforms in non-muscle cells. Differ in only 4-5 amino acids. Actin microfilaments. Monomer: G-actin (globular form) Polymer F-actin (filamentous form). Functions Local restructuring of...
Acting – Bringing script to life.
Playwright – Writes the play.
Representational style – Real-life acting, no eye contact.
Presentational style – Talks to audience.
Fourth wall – Invisible wall between actors/audience.
Character – Role played by actor.
Audition – Try out for a role.
Characterization – Building a character.
Subtext – Implied meaning under lines.
Historical – Real-life character.
Classical
1. what is IKS?
Indian Knowledge System (IKS) is the traditional knowledge developed in India over centuries in various fields.
It includes subjects like science, math, medicine, art, literature, and philosophy.
Great Indian scholars like Aryabhata and Sushruta contributed to global knowledge.
IKS promotes harmony with nature and sustainable living.
It also teaches values, ethics, and well-being through systems like Yoga and Vedanta
what is vedic corpus?
The Vedic corpus includes four