Q1. Explain Time Series Forecasting Methods and Compare Naïve, Moving Average, Weighted Moving Average and Exponential Smoothing.
Time Series Components: Trend T, Seasonality S, Cyclical C, Random R
Naïve Method: Fₜ₊₁ = Aₜ
Assumes next demand equals last demand
Used as benchmark
Simple Moving Average (n): Fₜ₊₁ = (Aₜ + Aₜ₋₁ + … + Aₜ₋ₙ₊₁) / n
Smooths random variation
Higher n increases lag
Weighted Moving Average: Fₜ₊₁ = w₁Aₜ + w₂Aₜ₋₁ + … + wₙAₜ₋ₙ₊₁
Σw
Control Limits:
UCL = μ + 3σ
LCL = μ − 3σ
1–10–100 Rule → Early detection saves exponential cost.
Cost of Quality = POC + PONC
POC = Prevention + Appraisal
PONC = Internal failure + External failure
1. Customer Focus
TQM places customer satisfaction at the center of all activities. Organizations must understand VOC and align processes to meet CTQ requirements.
2. Process Management
Quality problems arise from faulty processes,
Forecast = Estimate of future demand using past data + judgment
Independent demand = External | must forecast
Dependent demand = Derived from BOM | MRP handles
Time Series = Data over time → components: Trend (T) | Seasonality (S) | Cyclical (C) | Random (R)
Stationary series = Mean, variance constant | no trend/seasonality
Error (eₜ) = Aₜ − Fₜ
Good forecast → unbiased | low error | stable
Short term = days/weeks | Long term = years
Judgmental methods = Delphi | Sales
Staff – The five lines and four spaces where music is written.
Clef – Symbol at the start of a staff that indicates pitch range (e.g., treble, bass).
Time Signature – Shows the number of beats per measure and which note gets one beat (e.g., 4/4).
Key Signature – Sharps or flats at the beginning of a staff indicating the key.
Measure (Bar) – Segment of music containing a set number of beats.
Beat – The basic unit of time in music.
Tempo – Speed of the beat (e.g., Allegro
1.Write the code in c++ to declared and intialize a pointer
Ans:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int num = 10;
int *ptr = #
cout << "Value of num: " << num << endl;
cout << "Address of num: " << &num << endl;
cout << "Pointer ptr stores: " << ptr << endl;
cout << "Value pointed by ptr: " << *ptr << endl;
return 0;
}
2.Write a c++ program to add two matrix
Formulation
This stage transforms the idea into linguistic form.
a) Grammatical Encoding
•Selection of lemmas (words with syntactic info).
•Assignment of grammatical roles (subject, object).
•Construction of syntactic structure.
•Agreement features (tense, number).
b) Phonological Encoding
•Retrieval of phonological form.
•Syllabification.
•Stress assignment.
•Phoneme ordering.
Articulation
•Motor cortex activates speech muscles.
•Speech is physically produced.
•Highly automated
Imagine being prepared for adulthood before you are allowed to figure yourself out. In Jamaica Kincaid’s “Girl,” patriarchal social values are introduced through a mother’s constant instructions, as Kincaid uses the story’s single-sentence structure, repetition, and minimal dialogue to demonstrate how gender expectations are imposed on girls through constant pressure that teaches them their value depends on domestic skills and controlled behavior. Control often begins by limiting a girl’s...
* Derived Class: A class that inherits properties (data and methods) from another class. It represents the "Child" in an inheritance relationship.
* Base Class: The original class whose properties are inherited by another class. It acts as the "Parent" or "Blueprint."
* Constructor: A special member function that is automatically called when an object of a class is created. Its main job is to initialize the object.
* Destructor: A special member function that is automatically called when an...