Two objects are indiscernible if they have same values for a chosen set of attributes.
Forms equivalence classes (granules).
Basis for lower/upper approximations in Rough Sets.
Reduct
Minimum subset of attributes giving same classification power as full set.
Removing any attribute → information loss.
Core
Intersection of all reducts.
Contains attributes must for classification.
Example (Medical dataset)
Attributes:
Capital city of Canada → Otawa protestans Administrative division → 10 provinces Oficial languages → English, french Agriculture: main crops-s wheat, output: milk,leather livestock production- cattle, svinery rau maberials - iron, copper, gold, lead, silver, Industry: wood working, mining of metale, food industry
USA Administrative division: Alaska hawai Capital City: wasghinton DC
Oficial languago: doesnt have they have native language: english, spanish 2 crops of wheat cone → rye,
...1. Weighting schemes in weighted Cohen’s Kappa (linear vs. quadratic).
Linear weighting penalizes disagreements proportionally to category distance, suitable when graded differences are modest. Quadratic weighting penalizes larger disagreements more strongly, emphasizing severe misjudgments. Linear weights are simpler but less sensitive; quadratic weights capture nuanced graded relevance differences but may exaggerate minor annotation inconsistencies.
2. Thesaurus-based vs. feedback-based expansion...
HISTORY
The Age of Revolution: 1830-1848
● Bourbon kings were overthrown 2 set up a constitutional monarchy in July 1830. ● National feeling was the main focus area. ● Greece was struggling 4 independence which was a part of the Ottoman Empire. ● Greece was declared an independent nation in the Treaty of Constantinople signed in 1832. ● German philosopher, Johan Gottfried discovered the culture of common people through music, dance & folk poetry. ● There were fewer jobs & more
...Ch 11 Communication & Negotiation
Mehrabian’s Rule: Communication impact: 7% words, 38% tone, 55% body language (non-verbal dominates when messages are emotional/ambiguous).
York’s Experiment (non-verbal tactics): Students detected confidence, dominance, competence from posture, movement, and eye contact even without hearing words.Shows non-verbal cues strongly shape judgments.
Def of Comm: process of sending, receiving, and interpreting information between people.
Basic Model: Encoding
...DL 248/86
Só pessoa singular
Apenas pode ter 1 EIRL
Capital mínimo 5 000 €
Bens afetos ao EIRL respondem apenas pelas dívidas do EIRL
Sujeito a registo e publicação
Pode ser transmitido, locado, penhorado
Administração sempre pelo titular
Pode existir usufruto ou penhor (arts. 21.º e 22.º)
2...
#include <stdio.h>
#include <omp.h>
int main()
{
int n = 16, thread;
printf("\nEnter the number of tasks: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("\nEnter the number of threads: ");
scanf("%d", &thread);
omp_set_num_threads(thread);
printf("\n--------------------------------------\n");
#pragma omp parallel for schedule(static, 2)
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Thread %d executes iteration %
6. Explain the construction and working of an n-channel JFET.
**Construction:**
An n-channel JFET consists of a small bar of extrinsic n-type semiconductor material. Two ohmic contacts are made at its ends, serving as the drain (D) and source (S) terminals. Heavily doped p-type electrodes form reverse-biased p-n junctions on both sides of the n-type bar, creating the gate (G) terminals (usually connected together). The thin region between these two p-gates is the n-channel, through which...
✍️ Blogs (Weblogs)
A Blog (short for "weblog") is a type of website or a section within a website that features regularly updated content presented in discrete, often informal, diary-style entries called posts.
Key Characteristics of a Blog:
* Reverse Chronological Order: Newest posts typically appear first at the top of the page.
* Informal/Conversational Tone: Posts are often written in a personal or conversational style, making them highly engaging.
* Focus on a Topic (Niche): Blogs often