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1.Write a program to Toast Hello World 

package com.example.pgm1;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

Button but;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

but = findViewById(R.id.button);

but.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(

1. Wyjaśnienie pojęć

Konferencja poczdamska

Konferencja poczdamska odbyła się w 1945 roku po zakończeniu II wojny światowej. W spotkaniu uczestniczyli przywódcy Stanów Zjednoczonych, Wielkiej Brytanii i Związku Radzieckiego. Podczas konferencji zdecydowano o podziale Niemiec na cztery strefy okupacyjne oraz o przesunięciu granic Polski na zachód. Ustalono również, że Niemcy zostaną rozbrojone i zdenazyfikowane.

Zimna wojna

Zimna wojna to okres napięcia politycznego i militarnego

10. Write a shell script to check whether a given number is Armstrong or not 
echo "enter a number"
read c
x=$c
sum=0
r=0
n=0
while [ $x -gt 0 ]
do 
r=$(( $x % 10))
n=$(( $r * $r * $r ))
sum=$(($sum + n))
x=$(($x / 10))
done
if [ $sum -eq $c ]
then
echo "this is amst number "
else 
echo "this is not amst number"
fi

1.Write a shell script to find area of a circle

echo "enter radius"
read r
echo "area is"
echo "3.14*$r*$r"|bc

17. Write a shell script to find the average of the numbers entered as command line arguments

. Discuss the Key Principles of Six Sigma
The key principles of Six Sigma focus on improving quality and reducing defects in processes. The important principles include:
Customer Focus – The main objective of Six Sigma is to satisfy customer needs and improve customer satisfaction by delivering high-quality products and services.
Data-Driven Decision Making – Decisions are made based on data and statistical analysis rather than assumptions.
Process Improvement – Continuous improvement of processes

1. Methodology of teaching foreign languages as a science: its object, subject, and main functions.
Methodology of Teaching Foreign Languages (MTFL) is a branch of pedagogical science that studies the aims, content, methods, principles, and techniques of teaching foreign languages. Its main goal is to develop learners’ communicative competence and ensure effective acquisition of a foreign language.
MTFL examines both what should be taught (the content of instruction such as vocabulary, grammar,

# History of Mobile Devices
1973: First mobile phone call (Martin Cooper, Motorola).
1983: First commercial mobile phone – Motorola DynaTAC.
1990s: Feature phones with SMS, basic games (Snake on Nokia).
2000s: Introduction of smartphones (BlackBerry, Windows Mobile).
2007: Apple iPhone revolutionized touchscreen devices.
2010s: Android dominates the market; apps ecosystem grows.
2020s: Foldable phones, 5G devices, AI integration, IoT connectivity.

# History of Android (Short Version)
2003 – Android

Module 2: Greedy Strategy

1. Huffman Coding (Data Compression)

Definition: A greedy algorithm used for lossless data compression. It assigns variable-length codes to characters based on their frequency.

Working Principle: 1. Count the frequency of each character.

2. Place characters in a priority queue (Min-Heap) based on frequency.

3. Pick two nodes with the lowest frequencies and create a new internal node with a sum of their frequencies.

4. Repeat until only one node (the root) remains.

5.