In Chapter 4 of Annihilation of Caste, B.R. Ambedkar provides a historical and sociological critique of the status of Shudras within the Hindu caste hierarchy. He begins by questioning the traditional Varna system, which classifies society into four major groups—Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras—arguing that this classification is not based on merit or morality, but on birth-based discrimination.Ambedkar highlights that the
Product, Services, Brands (Chapter 8) – 12 & 14
The Nervous System:Reflex Arc: Know the components (sensory neuron, motor neuron, relay neuron, effector) and how the reflex arc works.Neurons: Be able to describe the structure (axon, dendrites, myelin sheath) and their role in transmitting nerve impulses.Synapses: Explain neurotransmitter role in signal transmission between neurons.The Circulatory System:Heart Structure: Label a heart diagram and describe the path of blood.Right Atrium →Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Left...
• Manufacturing Technology
1) Tooling for conventional and non-conventional machining processes:
Mould and die design, Press tools, Cutting tools;
Holding tools: Jigs and fixtures, principles, applications and
design;
Press tools: Configuration, design of die and punch; principles of forging die design.
2) Metrology: Metrology in tool wear and part quality including surface integrity, alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly. Process metrology for
...*Creation and maximization of value (also called wealth) is said to be the objective function of Financial Management. There are diverse ways by which value maximization occurs in a business firm. When the demand for goods and services is growing, firms tend to expand their business capacity and seize the opportunity of increasing demand. This could be done by constructing more production units or opening up of more and more operational units. Alternatively, expansion of business activity also,
...WACC = Wd(Ytm(1-tax)+(We*re)+(Wpfd*rpfd) re = RFr+B(MRp) rpfd=D1/Po Cost of Equity w/divs = Div1/P + g MV of Equity = # of shares x ShPrice: MV of equity is Market Cap | CAPM expected r = RiskFreeR + (Beta*MarketR-RFrate)] Stock Excess return = Market Excess R x Beta | Investment Expected Return = RFrate+[Beta(MarketR-RFrate)] | Portfolio Expected Return = w1E(R1)+W2(R2)...| Nominal Rate = (1+Real Rate)(1+Inflation Rate)-1 | SAMPLE: NR-4.3%, INFR-2% Real Rate = 1.043 / 1.02 - 1| EAR = (1+APR/
Titration: A technique to determine the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.
End Point: The point in a titration at which the indicator changes color, signaling that the reaction is complete.
Equivalent Point: The exact point at which the amount of titrant is chemically equivalent to the substance being titrated.
Titration Error: The difference between the end point and the equivalence point.
Normality (N): The number of gram equivalents of solute per
Aim: Observe cells and subcellular structures.
Add specimen (e.g. onion epidermis) on slide.Stain (e.g. iodine) to highlight structures. Lower cover slip at an angle (reduce air bubbles). Use low → high magnification.Focus using coarse → fine adjustment.Label parts of microscope.Calculate magnification Measure size using scale bar.Differences between plant and animal cells.Why stain? (to see organelles like nucleus)
Aim: Investigate osmosis using potato cylinders in different sugar solutions.
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