Quartiles divide a set of ORDERED data into four groups with equal numbers of values.
The three dividing points are: Q1, the median (Q2), Q3. The interquartile range is defined as Q3 – Q1, which is the range of the middle half of the data. This range provides a measure of spread by showing how closely the data are clustered around the median. The semi-interquartile range is one half of the interquartile range.

Q2: (n+1) / 2
Q1: (n+1) / 4
Q3: 3 (n+1) / 4 

Outlier formula : LEFT: Q1-1.5(IQR) | RIGHT:

UNIT 1. Q1. Explain the history, relevance and role of Indian ethos in managerial practices in brief. Also discuss the principles practised by Indian companies.

OR

Explain the concept of Indian Ethos

1. Introduction

Indian Ethos in management refers to the application of ethical, moral, and cultural values rooted in Indian philosophy to modern business practices. It integrates spirituality, values, and ethical conduct into management, ensuring not only profitability but also social responsibility

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if (fork != NULL)

{GetEnhMetaFileHeader(fork, sizeof(ENHMETAHEADER), &forkHeader);}

destruktor if(met)

{ DeleteEnhMetaFile(met); met=NULL;}

int w = forkHeader.rclBounds.right; h=.bottom

pDC->PlayMetaFile(fork, CRect(0,0,w,h));

ONSAVE()

{ CRect rect(0,0,1000,1000);

HDC hdcMeta=CreateEnhMetaFile(NULL,_T(“img.emf”),&rect,_T(“PUT\SLIKE”)); if(hdcMeta){ CDC dc;

dc.Attach(hdcMeta)

2.1 Question

Explain the functionality of the super keyword in Java.

Answer: The super keyword refers to the immediate parent class object. It is used to access parent class data members hidden by child class data members, to call parent class methods when overridden in the child class, and to invoke the parent class constructor using super().

2.2 Question

Differentiate between throw and throws keywords in Java.

Answer: throw is used inside a method or block to explicitly throw an exception object.

WAITING LINE MANAGEMENT
Definitions + Formulas

Arrival rate (λ): Average number of customers arriving per unit time.
λ = 1 / E(A)  E(A) = average interarrival time

Service rate (μ): Average number of customers served per unit time (per server).
μ = 1 / E(S)  E(S) = average service time

Utilization (ρ): Fraction of system capacity being used. Must be < 1.
ρ = λ / (cμ)  c = number of servers

Coefficient of variation (CV): Measures variability.
Cₐ = σₐ / E(A), Cₛ = σₛ

 Descuento comercial: es una operación financiera mediante la cual la empresa negocia con una entidad bancaria la entrega de letras de cambio, para cobrar su importe anticipadamente, sin esperar al vencimiento. La empresa no cobrará el importe que figura en la letra, sino una cantidad inferior, ya que la entidad financiera le cobrará una comisión por la gestión de cobro más los intereses por el periodo de tiempo que falte hasta el vencimiento de la letra.Crédito: Un crédito es una operación

Plan Schumana – propozycja połączenia przemysłu węgla i stali państw Europy Zachodniej, żeby zapobiec wojnom i rozpocząć integrację Europy. Plan Marshalla – program pomocy gospodarczej USA dla Europy po II wojnie światowej, mający odbudować gospodarki i wzmocnić stabilność. Przyczyny integracji: 1.Konieczność odbudowy gospodarczej Europy zachodniej, 2. osłabienie państw europejskich 3. dążenie do nawiązania współpracy gospodarczej i politycznej 4.Potrzeba włączenia niemiec do