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Distributed mutual exclusion:-Distributed mutual exclusion algorithms coordinate access to shared resources in a distributed system, ensuring only one process uses it at a time. Unlike centralized systems, there's no single coordinator. These algorithms rely on message passing among processes to achieve mutual exclusion.Approaches include token-based (a unique token grants access), non-token-based (processes request permission using timestamps), and quorum-based (access granted if a majority of

MODULE III – Institutional Support and Policies

Institutional support towards entrepreneurship in India:
SIDO – apex body under MSME Ministry, coordinates state policies, provides training, consultancy, tech support, operates SISIs, testing centres, field offices,
NSIC – promotes MSMEs via hire-purchase, raw material distribution, export marketing, tech training, credit support,
SIDBI – apex MSME bank, offers refinance, direct finance, venture capital, modernization loans, SMILE scheme,
NABARD

Risk Management Basics

Risk: Probability of loss or disruption, Asset: Item of value (e.g., data, systems), Threat: Entity exploiting a weakness., Vulnerability: Weakness that can be exploited., Risk Management: Identifying, evaluating, reducing, or accepting risks.

Types of Threat Actors

Script Kiddie: Uses pre-written code, lacks technical skill, wants fame, Hacktivist: Politically motivated, defaces sites or networks, Nation State/APT: Government-backed, highly sophisticated, Organized Crime:

POTENTIAL EXAM QUESTIONS

1. Changes in taxonomy from 1900 to present

-The earliest change started with Carol von Nägeli in the 1800s, who proposed bacteria and fungi be placed in the plant kingdom. However, in 1959, they were given their own kingdom. 
-In 1937, the term prokaryote was introduced and Robert G. E. Murray proposed the Kingdom Prokaryotae . 
-In the 1960s, the molecular clock was proposed which was an evolutionary timeline based on observations of the nucleotide sequence in an organism.

Troškovnik je detaljan opis pojedinog rada, što sve mora dobar troškovnik redni broj,količina rada,jedniničnu cijenu,ukupnu cijenu,detaljan opis svakog rada, svaka stavka troškovnika sadrži: isto ko 2, objasni troš. koji je sastavni dio situacije u njemu se traži naplata izvedbenih radova, sastoji se od korica i uloška, od kojih se koraka sastoji teh. betonskih radova transport,proizvodnja,ugradnja,obrada i njega betona, el. tvornice betona skladište pijeska,skladišta vode,skladišta

1] Explain some Database applications. Explain advantages and disadvantages of database system.???

A database application is software used to store, manage, and access data easily.

👉 Examples:

1. Banking – stores customer and transaction details.

2. E-commerce – manages products, orders, and user info.

3. Hospitals – keeps patient records and doctor schedules.

4. Schools – stores student marks and attendance.

5. Airlines – handles bookings and flight details.

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