Q.1) Define data structure, explain its type with example
A data structure is a specialized format for organizing, processing, retrieving, and storing data. It enables efficient access and modification of data, making it a fundamental concept in computer science and programming. Data structures are essential for managing large amounts of data, supporting various operations such as searching, sorting, insertion, deletion, and traversal.
Data structures can be broadly classified into two categories:...
✓ What is UDP??
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless transport layer protocol used in computer networks for sending datagrams over the Internet Protocol (IP) network.
Unlike TCP, UDP does not establish a connection before transmitting data, making it faster and more efficient with minimal overhead.
This connectionless nature means there is no handshake or acknowledgment process; data transmission begins immediately, which is ideal for real-time applications where speed is crucial
1. Digital Library – Definition
A Digital Library is a collection of digital objects such as text, images, audio, and video, stored electronically and accessible via the internet or computer networks.
It provides organized, searchable, and shareable access to information resources anytime and anywhere.
2. Needs and Characteristics of Digital Library
Needs:
Describe Cohen Sutherland algorithm for line clipping with suitable example. Give its limitations.
Cohen–Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm
Definition:
The Cohen–Sutherland algorithm is a line clipping method used to clip a line segment against a rectangular clipping window. It divides the area around the window into regions and assigns a 4-bit region code (Outcode) to each endpoint of the line.
Assign 4-bit codes to each endpoint — each bit represents a position
N. point: White Cape, Tunisia S. point: Cape Agulhas W. point: Green Cape, Senegal E. point: Cape Hafun 2 tropics pass through Africa: North – Tropic of Cancer South – Tropic of Capricorn Deserts: North – Sahara, Libyan, Nubian South – Kalahari, Namib Longest river: Nile Widest river: Congo Divides: Europe from Africa: Mediterranean Sea, Gibraltar Strait • Asia from Africa: Suez Canal, Red Sea, Bab-el-Mandeb, Gulf of Aden Population and settlements:1.4 billion people (17% of world’s
Biali (Andrzej Zamoyski, Leopold Kronenberg):
Czerwoni (Jarosław Dąbrowski, Zygmunt Padlewski, Ignacy Chmieleński):
Powstanie rozpoczęło...
Attention is the most valuable resource we have, though it is weightless, invisible, and unmeasurable by any instrument. Like energy, it cannot be created from nothing; it must be drawn from somewhere. Every choice to focus on one thing is a quiet act of neglect toward everything else. Modern life has made this trade-off more violent than ever. We live inside an ecosystem designed to fracture concentration into packets of dopamine. Notifications, feeds, and algorithms are...