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Public inter and private

1. Introduction:
Public international law and private international law are two branches of international law. generally, there is no distinction between public international law and private international law but it is very necessary that one should not confuse public international law and private international law.
2. Definitions of international law:
Oppenhiem
International law is body of customary and convential rules, which are considered binding on civilized states in their...

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Intervention

1. Introduction:
Intervention is right of every state. when one state intervenes in the affairs of another state through force then as a reaction against this violation, international law, permits intervention. it is forcible and without the consent of the state where in the intervention is done. general assembly of the unite 1 nation has made non- intervention a duty of all the states. intervention may effect internal or external affairs of another state.
2. Meaning of intervention:
The...

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Source of international law
1. Introduction:
International law is body of rules which regulates relations among states. it comprises mainly of the rules recognized by states in their relation with each other and mostly arises out of international customs and treaties. at present article 38 of the statute of international court of justice is an authoritative text of the source and evidence of international law.
2. Definitions of international law:
Oppenheim
International law is body of customary
...

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STATE
It is very difficult to provide any suitable and scientific definition of the state for states, for states in different ages of human history exhibit attributes defying synthesis.

Cicero
State is a numerous society united by a common sense of right and mutual participation in advantages.

Bluntschli
The state is the politically organized people of a definite territory.

W Wilson

State is the people organized for law within a definite territory.

Independent of States

...

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Nottebohm case

Facts

Nottebohm was born a German national in 1881. He received citizenship through naturalization from Liechtenstein (plaintiff) in 1939. Prior to this date, in 1905, Nottebohm lived and performed substantial business dealings in Guatemala (defendant), and returned frequently to Germany to visit family. Once Nottebohm received his citizenship from Liechtenstein, he returned to Guatemala and Guatemalan authorities updated his nationality in the Register of Aliens. On July 17, 1941,

...

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crime 1. Introduction:
General speaking, the law in general is a preservative instinct OF the individual and of the race. The primary function of criminal law is the preservation of life and protection of society. A crime may be said to be an act which any gives society considers to be sufficiently injurious to justify imposing punishment on the wrongdoer and prescribing a special procedure for dealing with it. There are some essential elements to constitute a crime.
2. Definition Of Crime:
Following...

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Introduction:

Negligence in the breath of duty to take care. It is carelessness in a matter in which carefulness is made obligatory by law. It essentially consists in the mental attitude of under indifference with respect to one ‘s conduct and its consequences whenever a person is under a duty to take care, he is bound to take that amount of care which is considered reasonable under the circumstances.

Definition Of Negligence:

(I) According To Salmond:
“Negligence is the state of mind of under indifference...

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Q. Explain Harabah liable to hadd? What proof is needed to prove this offence (1993).
1. Introduction:
Haraabah is an aggravated form of theft. More or less it is synonymous to robbery, which contains the element of either theft or extortion. This offence required to be proved in the same manner as the offence of theft liable to hadd described in section 7,
2. Relevant Provisions:
Following are the relevant provisions of P.P.C regarding the concerned topic.
Section 15 to 20 of Enforcement of Hudood regarding...

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Abetment of a thing

A person abets the doing of a thing, who;-
(iInstigates any individual to do that thing; or
(ii)Engages with one or more other person or persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing, if a act or illicit oversight happens in pursuance of that conspiracy and in order to the doing of that thing; or
(iii)Intentionally aids, by any act or unlawful exclusion, the doing of that thing. Section 107

Abetment

Abetment can be committed only when there is positive evidence of either
...

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