1. n=(x) store something in something
2, Difedad= с()-c()
3. to change to character/n: c()=as.(what to change)(c())
4. rm(variable) remove from memory / rm(list=1s()) - delete everything - 1s() shows all variables
5. == Is sum equal to sum
6. NAN (not a number) - undefined mathematical operation
7. Z=NA missing a number
8. Vector: variable=c(...) DONT FORGET IF "" OR NO
9. Obtain single value from vector [x]
10. Obtaining range of elements: variable [x:y]
EXERCISE 1 MKT campaigns IF!
Q1. Define Income under the Income Tax Act. Explain the features of income with suitable examples.
Definition:
Under Section 2(24) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, income is defined inclusively. It includes salary, business profits, dividends, capital gains, lottery winnings, perquisites, gifts, and other monetary benefits.
Features of Income:
1. Periodicity: Income may be regular or occasional.
Example: Monthly salary or lottery winnings.
2. Definite Source: Income must arise from a source such
O IRS, o IMT e o IVA são impostos do sistema fiscal português, mas apresentam diferentes características e classificações.
O IRS — Imposto sobre o Rendimento das Pessoas Singulares — é um imposto direto, pessoal, progressivo, estadual e periódico. É direto porque incide diretamente sobre o rendimento dos contribuintes; pessoal porque considera a situação familiar e económica do sujeito passivo;
...1. erste 2. zweite 3. dritte 4. vierte 5. fünfte
6. sechste 7. siebte 8. achte 9. neunte
10. zehnte 11. elfte 12. zwölfte 13. dreizehnte 14. vierzehnte
15. fünfzehnte 16. sechzehnte 17. siebzehnte
18. achtzehnte 19. neunzehnte 20. zwanzigste
21. einundzwanzigste 22. zweiundzwanzigste
23. dreiundzwanzigste 24. vierundzwanzigste
25. fünfundzwanzigste 26. sechsundzwanzigste 27. siebenundzwanzigste
28. achtundzwanzigste 29. neunundzwanzigste
30. dreißigste 31. einunddreißigste
Januar, Februar, März,
1. Basic Concepts of Income Tax
Income tax is a direct tax imposed by the government on the income earned by individuals, firms, companies, and other entities. In India, income tax is governed by the Income Tax Act, 1961. The main purpose of income tax is to generate revenue for the government so that it can provide public services such as education, healthcare, roads, defense, and welfare schemes. Every person whose income exceeds the prescribed exemption limit is required to pay income tax.
Some
Global health refers to the health status of people across the world and the efforts made to improve health conditions for all populations, despite advancements in medicine and technology, poor global health remains a major challenge, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries, it is caused by a combination of economic, social, environmental, political, and lifestyle-related factors that affect individuals and communities
Storage of Strings:- A string is a collection of characters stored together in memory. Strings are used to store names, words, sentences and other text data in computer systems. In programming languages like C, a string is stored as an array of characters and ends with a special null character '\0'.
Example of String:- char name[] = "ROHIT";
In memory, the string is stored as:
| R | O | H | I | T | \0 |
Here \0 represents the end of the string.
Methods of String Storage:- 1. Fixed Length Storage: