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OS
- Serves as a resource manager, controlling the access to the hardware
- Also serves as an abstraction layer to allow user processes to call functions that access hardware (via system calls)User vs Supervisor mode (Kernel Mode

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User vs kernel mode

- Prohibit Privileged instructions in user mode

- Program Status Word (PSW) is a special register that holds bit values such as access priveleges mode, as well as captures run time execution conditions, another example is branching instructions,

CREATE TABLE Supplier (
    SupplierID INT PRIMARY KEY,
    Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    City VARCHAR(50)
);
CREATE TABLE Product (
    ProductID INT PRIMARY KEY,
    Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    Price DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,
    SupplierID INT,
    FOREIGN KEY (SupplierID) REFERENCES Supplier(SupplierID),
    CHECK (Price > 0)
);
INSERT INTO Supplier (SupplierID, Name, City) VALUES
(101, 'Agile Supplies', 'Mumbai'),
(102, 'TechCorp Distributors', 'Delhi'),
(103, 'Global Trading', 'Kolkata'

Paradigms= Interactionism &Critical

Key Principles of Labeling Theory=The focus is on what happens after the action, not what
preceded or caused the action

Primary deviance: occasional or situational behavior that may be
excused or rationalized by the actor or the audience
- The initial act of deviance that goes relatively unpunished

Secondary deviance:deviant behavior triggered by social reactions
that follows primary deviance,deviance that occurs after person is labeled criminal 

Conformist=

*Chapter 1: Nature and Significance of Management*

*Meaning of Management: Process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively. *Characteristics of Management: Goal-oriented, pervasive, multidimensional (managing work, people, operations), continuous process, group activity, dynamic function, intangible force.

*Functions of Management: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Controlling.

*Objectives of Management: