BASE LINUX
ctrl+alt+t : Ouverture d'un nouveau console
pwd: current repository
/: partition racine
ABSOLUTISM
Definition: monarch has absolute power, rules by divine right, centralizes government.
France
Louis XIV: absolute monarch, “I am the state,” strong army, expensive wars.
Spain
Philip II: Catholic power, wars weaken Spain.
Russia
Peter the Great and Catherine the Great: westernization plus autocracy, strong control, serfdom continues.
England (exception)
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Bill of Rights
Constitutional monarchy
Parliament limits king
If the question mentions Parliament, law, or limits
The four major river valley civilizations—Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Indus Valley, and Chinese (Shang)—each developed distinct belief systems, cultures, and social orders that were heavily influenced by their environment and sustained by their agricultural economies. [1, 2]
Mesopotamian Civilization (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers)
• Belief Systems: The Mesopotamians practiced polytheism, believing in a pantheon of numerous gods and goddesses who controlled natural forces like floods and harvests....
Força = capacidade de vencer ou opor-se a uma resistência através da ação muscular.
Tipos de contração
- Força estática (isométrica) — sem movimento (não há alteração do comprimento total músculo–tendão.) Ex.: prancha, “sentar na parede”.
- Força dinâmica — com movimento
- Concêntrica: músculo encurta (músculo–tendão ↓). Ex.: subir num agachamento.
- Excêntrica: músculo alonga sob tensão (músculo–tendão ↑). Ex.: descer
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA :
REVERSIBLE AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVNESS
ATOPIC TRIAD: ASTHMA, RHIINITS, DERMATITIS
IGE MEDIATED - EOSINOPHILS (BRONCHOSPASM,MUCUS,EDEMA)
CHRONIC: FIBROSIS/SMOOTH MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY
CLINICAL :WHEEZE, DYSPNEA,COUGH,CHEST TIGHTNESS
DIAGNOSIS: FEV1 < 80% , FEV1/FVC < 80%
REVERSIBILITY TEST > 12%
ACUTE: ARRYTHMIA/CYANOSIS/HYPOXIA/SILENT CHEST
TREATMENT: 1.SABA (SALBUTAMOL) 2.LOW ICS (FLUTICASONE ) 3.ICS + LABA (FORMETEROL)
ACUTE TREATMENT: OXYGEN /Nebulized SABA/ Ipratropium
European imperialism in Africa during the late nineteenth century had both positive and negative effects, but it was mostly harmful to African societies. Although European nations claimed imperialism brought progress and civilization, imperialism mainly led to economic exploitation, loss of land, and violence for Africans, while benefiting European powers. Overall, imperialism was designed to serve European interests, not to improve the lives of African people.
One major effect of imperialism in
Q2. Why is Activity Based Costing needed in the modern manufacturing units? What are the objectives of it?
Ans. Activity Based Costing is needed in the modern manufacturing units for the following reasons:
i) Overcomes Traditional Costing Limitations – Traditional systems use single cost drivers (labour hours) causing cost distortions. ABC uses multiple cost drivers reflecting actual resource consumption.
ii) Handles Product Diversity – Modern units produce varied products with different complexities....
PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
photosynthesis : process that uses light energy to make glucose
overall purpose : store energy in glucose
equation : carbon dioxide + water + light → glucose + oxygen
Chloroplast & Pigments
chloroplast : organelle where photosynthesis occurs
chlorophyll : pigment that absorbs light energy
Light-Dependent Reactions
inputs : light, water, ADP, NADP+
outputs : ATP, NADPH, oxygen
role of water : split to release oxygen
Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent)
ANGLIA — REWOLUCJA I MONARCHIA PARLAMENTARNA
Anglia na przełomie XVI/XVII wieku
szybki rozwój gospodarki
ogradzanie (enclosure) → powstawanie wielkich gospodarstw, hodowla owiec, produkcja wełny
zubożenie wsi → migracja ludności do miast
powstaje gentry – nowa, bogata szlachta ziemska
Rządy Stuartów
1603 – Jakub I Stuart (unia personalna Anglia–Szkocja)
dąży do absolutyzmu → konflikt z parlamentem
1640 – Krótki Parlament, potem Długi Parlament (