Tokenization: Splitting text into discrete units (tokens), typically words or punctuation . Techniques vary (simple split on whitespace vs. advanced tokenizers); challenges include handling punctuation, contractions, multi-word names, and different languages (e.g., Chinese has no spaces). Good tokenization is foundational for all NLP tasks.
Bag-of-Words (BoW): Representing a document by the counts of each word in a predefined vocabulary, ignoring order . The vocabulary
1. Mali et Guinée – Communication en situation de crise
Mali (1985–1991) : Régime de Moussa Traoré marqué par une communication autoritaire. Contrôle total des médias, propagande patriotique, absence de transparence face aux révoltes étudiantes et à la rébellion touarègue. L’échec à adapter la communication à la crise a conduit à la chute du régime en mars 1991.
Guinée (2023) : Après l’explosion du dépôt de Kaloum, mise en place d’une cellule de crise et d’une
#Define joint & it's classification
A joint, also known as an articulation, is the point where two or more bones meet. Joints allow for movement, flexibility, and support in the skeletal system.Classification of Joints
Joints can be classified based on their structure and function:Structural Classification
1. *Fibrous Joints*: Held together by dense connective tissue (e.g., sutures in the skull).
2. *Cartilaginous Joints*: Connected by cartilage (e.g., intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis).
3....
Short Questions
1. Isomerism
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures, leading to different properties.
2. Optical Activity
The ability of a compound to rotate plane-polarized light, typically due to the presence of chiral centers.
3. Chiral vs Achiral
- *Chiral*: Molecules that are non-superimposable on their mirror image.
- *Achiral*: Molecules that are superimposable on their mirror image.
4. Meso Compounds
Achiral compounds that contain chiral centers but have internal
...Enantiomer
An enantiomer is a type of stereoisomer that is a non-superimposable mirror image of another molecule. Enantiomers have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms but differ in their three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in space.
Meso Compound
A meso compound is a type of stereoisomer that has a superimposable mirror image, despite having chiral centers. Meso compounds are achiral molecules with chiral centers.
d/l Notation
The d/l notation refers to the direction of optical
...TRADING AND SETTLEMENT PROCEDURE OF INDIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
> Trading information from Exchange to NSCCL (real-time and end of day trade file).
> The NSCCL notifies the clearing members/custodians who have returned the form of the details of the completed trade. NSCCL applies multilateral netting and establishes obligations based on the affirmation.
> Downloading of the obligation and payment-in advice of funds/assets.
> Directing clearing banks to release funds by the pay-in deadline.
>
You're referring to script languages. Here are some popular ones:
1. *Python*: Known for its simplicity and versatility, Python is widely used in web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and more.
2. *JavaScript*: Primarily used for client-side scripting in web development, JavaScript is also popular for server-side development with frameworks like Node.js.
3. *Ruby*: A dynamic language known for its simplicity and ease of use, Ruby is often used in web development with the Ruby
Regression analysis is a statistical technique used to model and analyse the relationship between a dependent variable (outcome) and one or more independent variables (predictors). It helps in: 1. Understanding relationships between variables. 2. Making predictions based on past data. 3. Identifying key factors influencing an outcome. Types of Regression A. Linear Regression Models a relationship between the dependent variable (Y) and independent variable(s) (X) assuming a linear relationship. (
[The Wolff-Kishner reduction and the Dakin reaction are two important organic reactions:
Wolff-Kishner Reduction
1. *Reaction type*: Reduction reaction
2. *Purpose*: Converts carbonyl groups (aldehydes or ketones) to methylene groups (-CH2-)
3. *Reagents*: Hydrazine (N2H4) and a strong base (usually KOH or NaOH)
4. *Conditions*: High temperature and pressure
Dakin Reaction
1. *Reaction type*: Oxidation reaction
2. *Purpose*: Converts benzaldehydes to phenols
3. *Reagents*: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
...