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Marketing is the process of identifying customer needs and satisfying them profitably. Its scope includes product planning, pricing, promotion, distribution, selling, customer service, and market research.
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Holistic marketing means marketing as a complete system where all parts work together. It includes relationship marketing, integrated marketing, internal marketing, and socially responsible marketing.
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B2C marketing means business to consumer marketing, where a company sells directly to
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Financial Accounting
1. Introduction to Financial Accounting:Financial Accounting is the branch of accounting that records, classifies, summarizes, and interprets financial transactions of a business. Its main purpose is to provide financial information to external users such as shareholders, creditors, investors, government authorities, and the public.
Accounting is called the “language of business” because it communicates the financial position and performance of an enterprise. Every business
TAFL UT NOTES
(a) Define alphabet, string, and language. Give one example of each. • Alphabet (Σ): A finite, non-empty set of symbols. Example: Σ = {0, 1}, Σ = {a, b}. • String: A finite sequence of symbols chosen from an alphabet. Example: 0110, abba. • Language (L): A set of strings over an alphabet Σ. Example: L = {a, ab, aab, aaab, ...} = a⁺b over Σ = {a, b}. ε denotes the empty string (length 0). (b) Differentiate between DFA and NFA. • DFA: For each state and input symbol, exactly ONE
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CMPS201 – MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS CHEAT SHEET ★ FRONT
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Endocrinology
THYROID
Graves’ disease
- Most common cause of thyrotoxicosis
- Autoimmune: IgG antibodies against TSH receptor
- TSH receptor antibodies positive in ~90%
- Exophthalmos + pretibial myxoedema = specific for Graves’
- Smoking = biggest modifiable risk factor for thyroid eye disease
- Clubbing with hyperthyroidism → think Graves’
- Postpartum period may trigger/worsen Graves’
- Radioiodine contraindicated in active eye disease
- Diffuse homogeneous uptake on radioactive iodine scan
Hyperthyroidism
finance
TV
market capitalization = market value of equity = shares x price of share
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑖se Value = 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 + 𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡 − 𝐶𝑎𝑠ℎ
EBITDA = > Net income + DA, Taxes, and Interest
EBITDA = > Revenue – Expenses (except for DA, Taxes, and Interest)
EBITDA => EBIT + Depreciation + Amortization
EBIT = Revenues − Costs − Depreciation
Income Tax = EBIT × 𝜏
Unlevered net income
Financas
No âmbito das conceções de John Maynard Keynes, a intervenção do Estado através da despesa pública assume um papel central na regulação do ciclo económico, operando através de mecanismos que potenciam o rendimento nacional. O efeito multiplicador da despesa pública designa o fenómeno em que uma variação inicial no gasto do Estado provoca uma variação final no rendimento nacional de magnitude superior ao investimento original. Este processo decorre do facto de a despesa pública
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Factors inc feasibility minimally inv:Modern adhesive systems - Advent of restorative materials - Processing technologies like cad/cam - Implant dentistry - Conservatism/Prosthetic options minimally inv:Inlays,Onlays-Resin Bonded Bridge - Zirconia-based single-retainer adhesive FDP/bonding protocols : - Deep margin elevation - Immediate dentin sealing - Resin coating - Composite dentin replacement/Adv vertical preparation:Minimally invasive in the cervical area - Saves dental structure and allows
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A **monarchy** is a form of government in which a single individual—known as a **monarch** (such as a king, queen, emperor, or sultan)—acts as the head of state.
Unlike republics, where leaders are elected by the citizens, the position of a monarch is typically **hereditary**, meaning the throne is passed down through generations within a specific royal family (usually from parent to child). A monarch typically holds office for life or until they choose to abdicate (step down).
Monarchies are