1. Rank of Matrix
Echelon Form: rank = no. of non-zero rows
Normal Form: reduce to identity matrix (I); rank = no. of 1’s on diagonal
2. Matrix Forms
Echelon Form: zeros below pivots
Normal Form (RREF): pivots = 1 and only non-zero in column
3. System of Equations
Form augmented matrix [A|B], row reduce
Consistent if no row like [0 0 0 | b≠0]
Unique: rank A = rank [A|B] = no. of vars
Infinite: rank A = rank [A|B] < no. of vars
No soln: rank A ≠ rank [A|B]
4. Linear
Regulation & Deregulation:
Regulation balances safety and cost. Deregulation in 1978 led to lower fares but also industry consolidation and labor issues. NTSB investigates incidents and recommends safety reforms.
Labor & Infrastructure: Events like the 1981 ATC strike show stress and fatigue in aviation labor. Aviation functions as critical infrastructure—yet worker conditions and support are often strained.
Passenger Rights: Emerging in the 1960s–70s consumer
1642 - pascal first mechanical calculator||1801 - first computing devise (storable, programmable) LOOM by jacquard ||1823 - Charles Babbage extended the ideas of Pascal,largest and most sophisticated mechanical calculator of its time, called the Difference Engine|| Charles Babbage, Analytical Machine - 7 feet high, 11 feet wide!5 tons! , 1830s, 110 years before the first computer. Mill – to perform arithmetic computation, Store – hold the data, Operator – process the results on punch cards,
Tema 8
Tras la muerte de Franco en 1975 y la llegada de la democracia, España vivió una transformación que afectó profundamente a la literatura. Con el fin de la censura, pudieron publicarse novelas prohibidas, recuperarse obras del exilio y emerger nuevas voces. Además, los medios y editoriales crecieron, se multiplicaron los premios literarios y apareció un amplio público lector, lo que convirtió a la novela en el género principal de finales del siglo XX.
En ese contexto, convivieron
Define Data structure. Explain ADT with example.
A data structure is a specialized format for organizing, processing, and storing data in a computer so that it can be accessed and modified efficiently. Data structures are essential for managing large amounts of data and are fundamental to computer science and programming. They provide a way to manage data in a way that enables efficient algorithms to operate on that data.
Abstract Data Type (ADT)
An Abstract Data Type (ADT) is a theoretical concept
1. #include <stdio.h>
int stringLength(char str[])
{
int length = 0;
while (str[length] != '\0')
{
length++;
}
return length;
}
void stringConcatenate(char str1[], char str2[])
{
int i = 0, j = 0;
while (str1[i] != '\0')
{
i++;
}
while (str2[j] != '\0')
{
str1[i] = str2[j];
i++;
j++;
}
str1[i] = '\0';
}
int main()
{
char str1[100], str2[100];
int choice;
printf("Enter the first string: ");
scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Enter the second string:...
Separate Legal Entity
Limited Liability
Perpetual Succession
Transfer of Shares
Sue & Be Sued
Own Property
Professional Management
Better Funding Access
| Feature | Private Co. | Public Co. |
|---|---|---|
| Members | 2 to 200 | Min 7, No Max |
| Shares Transfer | Restricted | Freely Transferable |
| Public Investment | Not Allowed | Allowed via Prospectus |
| Directors | Min 2 | Min 3 |
| Suffix | Pvt Ltd | Ltd |
By Liability:
Q) Key Central Government Institutions Supporting Entrepreneurship
To promote entrepreneurship and the growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), the Central Government of India has established a comprehensive institutional support system.
These institutions provide finance, training, technical assistance, marketing support, and policy guidance to entrepreneurs.
2.1 National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)
A Government of India enterprise under the Ministry of MSME.
Services Offered:
MOD-4 1. Project Evaluation (2 Marks)
Project evaluation is a systematic assessment of a project’s relevance, design, implementation, and outcomes.
It is carried out to determine the effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability of a project, and to draw lessons for future planning.
It helps in:
Measuring performance
Ensuring accountability
Enhancing learning for future projects
2. Objectives of Project Evaluation (1 Mark)
To assess whether the project has met its intended goals and objectives