Antihistaminic agents: Histamine, receptors and their distribution in the human body.●H-Antagonists ●H₂-Antagonists● Gastric proton pump inhibitors
Antihistaminic Agents These are those agents or drugs which inhibit the action of histamine in the human body.
●Autacoids
These are the local hormones, which release from the tissue and act at the site of synthesis and release.
Autacoids → Auto (Self) + Coids (Remedy / Healing)
Histamine Hist (Histos = Tissue+ amine (NH, group)
It is a chemical
Principle of Transmissibility: A force acting on a rigid body can be moved to any other point along its line of action without changing its external effect on the body; the magnitude and direction of the force remain the same during this shift, and this principle is applicable only to rigid bodies and not when internal stresses or deformations are considered.
Varignon’s Theorem: The moment of a force about any point is equal to the sum of the moments of its components about the same point; in other
History of the profession of Pharmacy in India
Pharmacy education in India at the certificate level, was started in 18/42 in Goa by the Portuguese. Formal training of the compounds was started in 1881 in Bengal and as a university level program in 1937 at the Banaras Hindu University (Varanasi). In Baghdad the first pharmacies or drug store, were established in 754.
The revolution in the development of science and technology in post-world war-2 starter the change in pharmacy profession.
Pharmacy being...
“La guerra è mai una soluzione accettabile nel 2026?”
Inizio — 4 righe
Oggi nel mondo ci sono tante guerre. In Ucraina, a Gaza, in altri paesi. La gente muore ogni giorno. Anche l’Italia ha avuto la guerra 80 anni fa. Ma la guerra serve davvero a risolvere i problemi? Io penso di no.
Perché alcuni dicono che la guerra serve — 8 righe
Alcune persone dicono che la guerra è necessaria. Primo, per difendere un paese. Se un altro paese ti attacca, devi difenderti. L’Ucraina per esempio...
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics that enables computers to understand, interpret, generate, and interact with human languages.
Machine Translation (e.g., translating English to Hindi)
Chatbots and Virtual Assistants
Speech Recognition
Sentiment Analysis
Information Retrieval (Search Engines)
Text Summarization
Question Answering
Equivalence Class Testing (Equivalence Partitioning):- Equivalence Class Testing is a black box testing technique in which input data is divided into different groups called equivalence classes. Each class contains values that are expected to behave in the same way. Instead of testing every input value only one value from each class is tested. This technique helps in reducing the number of test cases and saves time. Equivalence Class Testing is a software testing technique in which the input domain
7.Short Notes (a) Gel Polarisation Model in Ultra-filtration:- During ultrafiltration, retained solutes accumulate at the membrane surface, forming a concentrated layer known as the **concentration polarisation layer**. When solute concentration at the membrane surface reaches a limiting value (gel concentration, Cg), a **gel layer** is formed that
acts as a secondary resistance to filtration.The model gives the permeate flux as: 1J = k · ln(Cg / Cb) where k is the mass transfer coefficient, Cg
Normalization
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database 2 reduce redundancy & improve data integrity.
It divides large tables into smaller related tables.
Objectives of Normalization
Remove duplicate data.
Eliminate insertion anomalies.
Eliminate deletion anomalies.
Eliminate update anomalies.
Improve data consistency.
3rd Normal Form (3NF)
A table is in 3NF if:
It is already in 2NF.
No transitive dependency exists.
Non-key attributes depend only on the primary key.
Example
Student(StudentID,...