Diffusion Theory explains how new ideas, innovations, or messages spread among members of a social system over time. In Public Relations, this theory helps understand how people adopt new information or behavior communicated by an organization.
Developed by Everett Rogers in his book “Diffusion of Innovations” (1962).
It describes how people move through stages before accepting an idea or innovation.
Awareness:
#include <stdio.h>
int linearsearch(int arr[], int size, int key) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (arr[i] == key) {
return i; // return index if key is found
}
}
return -1; // return -1 if key not found
}
int main() {
int arr[] = {10, 50, 20, 90, 60, 40, 30, 80, 70};
int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
int key = 50; // element to be searched
int result = linearsearch(arr, size, key);
| Metric | Meaning | Trade-off / Exam Tip |
|---|---|---|
| Precision = TP/(TP+FP) | “How accurate are my churn flags?” | ↑ Precision → few false alarms |
| Recall = TP/(TP+FN) | “How many real churners caught?” | ↑ Recall → catch more churners |
| AUC | Prob(model ranks churner > non-churner) | 0.5 = random, 1 = perfect |
| ROC Curve | TPR (Recall) vs FPR (1-Specificity) | Bows top-left = better |
q1 freedom of speech and article 19
Media rights come under Article 19(1)(a) – freedom of speech and expression.
2. Constitutional Framework
A. Article 19(1)(a)
• Grants every citizen the right to express themselves freely.
• Media, being the medium of speech, enjoys this right as well.
• Freedom includes:
o Right to print and publish news.
o Right to criticize government policies.
o Right to access information (subject to laws).
o Right to broadcast through TV, radio, internet.
B. Article 19(2) –
The SR flip-flop is one of the simplest sequential circuits and serves as a fundamental building block for more complex flip-flops. It's a 1-bit memory device with two inputs: Set (S) and Reset (R). It has two outputs, Q and its complement Qˉ.
An SR flip-flop can be constructed using two cross-coupled NAND gates (or NOR gates). Here is the logic diagram using NAND gates:
The working principle is as follows:
Set Condition (S=0,R=1)
What are DS: storing and managing data so it can be reused. EX) lists, queues, trees, bag, dictionaries, graphs. OOP Principles: encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bags: finite collection of objects in no order. EX) shopping bags, piggy bank. Core Operations: add, remove, contains, clear, getFrequencyOf, isEmpty, toArray (return items in bag as array)...
An interdisciplinary field combining statistics, computer science, and business knowledge.
Its goal is to extract valuable insights and knowledge from data (both structured and unstructured).
It answers key business questions: what happened, why, what will happen, and what to do about it.
The process involves collecting, cleaning, processing, analyzing, and communicating data insights.
It's the process of using sample data to
Euler’s Theorem:
If gcd(a, n) = 1, thena^φ(n) ≡ 1 (mod n)
Step 1: Check gcdgcd(3, 10) = 1 ✅
Step 2: Compute φ(10)10 = 2 × 5φ(10) = φ(2) × φ(5) = (2-1)*(5-1) = 1*4 = 4
Step 3: Substitute in theorem3^φ(10) = 3^4
Step 4: Compute 3^4 mod 103^4 = 8181 mod 10 = 1 ✅
Conclusion:3^4 ≡ 1 (mod 10) → Euler’s theorem holds.
.
Step 1: Prime factorization240 = 2^4 × 3 × 5
Step 2: Apply Euler’s totient formulaφ(n) = n × (
# पल्लवन: एक विस्तृत परिचय
## परिचय
हिंदी साहित्य में पल्लवन एक महत्वपूर्ण शब्द है, जो किसी विचार या भाव को विस्तार से प्रस्तुत करने की एक शैली है। पल्लवन के द्वारा लेखक या वक्ता अपने विचारों को विस्तार