## 3. Virtue Ethics: The Character of the Agent
While other theories focus on the action or the outcome, **Virtue Ethics**—pioneered by ancient philosophers like **Aristotle**—focuses entirely on the **character and disposition of the person performing the action**.
* **The Core Meaning:** Instead of asking *"What should I do?"*, Virtue Ethics asks **"What kind of person should I become?"**. Morality is not about memorizing a list of rules; it is about cultivating good habits of character, known
## 1. Meaning of Human Values :At its core, a **human value** is anything that allows a human being to live in harmony with themselves, other people, and nature. The word "value" refers to the **participation** or **role** of an element in a larger system. For example, the value of a pen is to write; the value of a steering wheel is to guide a car. Similarly, the value of a human being is the behavior and mindset that fosters mutual happiness in relationships and balance in society.
> Examples
Likovi fra Petra, Ćamila i Karađoza u „Prokletoj avliji“
„Prokleta avlija“ Ive Andrića jedno je od najznačajnijih dela srpske književnosti. Radnja romana smeštena je u carigradski zatvor Prokletu avliju, koji predstavlja simbol sveta u kome vladaju nepravda, strah i ljudska patnja. U tom prostoru okupljaju se ljudi različitih sudbina, a kroz njihove priče Andrić govori o položaju čoveka pred silom vlasti i o nemogućnosti da se dokaže nevinost. Među najznačajnijim likovima
When rendering a 3D scene onto a 2D screen, objects closer to the camera must obscure objects that are behind them. Identifying and removing parts of a scene that are blocked from view is called **Hidden Surface Elimination** (or Visible Surface Detection).
These techniques are divided into two categories: **Object-Space methods** (which analyze physical geometry in 3D coordinates) and **Image-Space methods** (which work pixel-by-pixel in 2D screen coordinates).
## 1. Back-Face Removal (Object-Space)
## 1. Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm
As covered briefly in our overview, the Cohen-Sutherland algorithm is a highly efficient line-clipping method that uses a **4-bit binary region code (Outcode)** to categorize where the endpoints of a line lie relative to a rectangular window.
### The 9-Region Outcode Breakdown
The clipping window boundaries (x_{\text{min}}, x_{\text{max}}, y_{\text{min}}, y_{\text{max}}) divide the 2D world space into 9 distinct regions. Each region is assigned a 4-bit
In computer graphics, **output primitives** are the basic geometric structures used to describe and construct images. The simplest primitives are **Points** and **Lines**.
Before these primitives can be displayed on a screen, they must undergo **scan conversion**—the process of digitizing a continuous geometric shape into a discrete grid of screen pixels.
## 1. Points and Lines
### Points
A point is a zero-dimensional geometric object. In a digital system, a point is represented by an ordered pair
Homo Sapiens — человек разумный Индивид — от лат. — неделимый Темперамент — лат. — устойчивая смесь компонентов Экстраверты — от лат. — «вне, снаружи» + «обращаю» Интроверты — от лат. — «внутрь» + «обращаю» Аффект — от лат. — душевное волнение, страсть Стресс — от англ. — давление,
In computer graphics, architecture displays are fundamentally divided into two categories based on how the electron beam (or display processor) constructs and refreshes the image on the screen: **Raster-Scan Systems** and **Random-Scan (Vector/Stroke/Calligraphic) Systems**.
## 1. Raster-Scan System
A **Raster-Scan System** is the most common type of display graphics architecture (used in modern TVs, computer monitors, and smartphones).
### How it Works
The electron beam sweeps across the screen **one
## Introduction to Computer Graphics (CG)
Computer Graphics (CG) is the art and science of communicating information or ideas through digital images. It involves the generation, representation, manipulation, and display of pictorial data using computers. From simple 2D line drawings to hyper-realistic 3D animations, computer graphics has transformed how we interact with technology.
## History of Computer Graphics
The evolution of computer graphics spans several decades, moving from massive, specialized