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ECON3124 Cheat Shet
Explanations of Small-scale vs Large-scale risk aversion
Idea is understanding differences between small changes vs large changes in wealth in risky gambles.
Diminishing marginal utility (risk aversion) only works in large-scale gambles. This is because the utility function is sufficiently concave over lifetime changes in wealth. This yields a higher utility for taking the certain outcome than taking the gamble despite the gamble having a higher expected return
However, under small-scale gambles,
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1. Types of heads for pressure vessels
Hemispherical head
Torispherical (flanged and dished) head
Ellipsoidal (2:1 elliptical) head
Conical head
Flat head
2. Weld joint efficiency factor (E)
Indicates quality and reliability of welds in pressure vessels.
Ranges from 0.7 to 1.0 depending on joint type and inspection level.
3. Maximum Working Pressure (MWP) & Design Pressure
MWP: Highest internal pressure during normal operation.
Design Pressure: Higher than MWP (typically 5–10% more) to ensure
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Thanatology = science that deals with death and changes produced in body after death.
Death– Permanent cessation of vital functions (circulation, respiration, brain activity).
Types: Somatic death → Irreversible stoppage of circulation, respiration & brain functions. Molecular death → Cessation of cellular metabolism, occurs after somatic death.
Modes of death: Coma, Syncope, Asphyxia.
Signs of Death A. Early signs- Immediate signs – cessation of heartbeat, respiration, reflexes.
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1. How would you vouch – Rental Income
1. Rent Agreement / Lease Deed: Verify terms, period, and tenant details.
2. Receipts / Bank Statement: Ensure rent is actually received and recorded.
3. Comparison: Match rent billed vs. rent received for accuracy.
4. Tenant Ledger / Records: Check consistency of entries over the period.
5. Authorisation & Tax Compliance: Ensure any concessions authorised and rent tax is correctly accounted.
2. How would you verify – Investment
1. Investment Schedule:...
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Converts low-octane naphtha into high-octane reformate used for gasoline and aromatics.
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Feed is mixed with hydrogen, heated and passed over catalyst in fixed-bed reactors.
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Major reactions are dehydrogenation to aromatics, isomerization to branched paraffins and mild hydrocracking.
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Operating conditions are 450–520 °C temperature and 10–45 atm pressure.
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Catalyst used is platinum on alumina or bimetallic Pt–Re on alumina.
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Main products are reformate, hydrogen, LPG and light hydrocarbons.
cyber
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is a public-key cryptography technique based on the mathematics of elliptic curves over finite fields.
It is widely used in blockchain systems such as Bitcoin and Ethereum for generating secure public-private key pairs and digital signatures.
The main advantage of ECC is that it provides high security with smaller key sizes, making it faster and more efficient. Mathematical Equation of ECC The general equation of an elliptic curve is:
y2=x3+ax+by^2 = x^3 + ax + by2=
spimnal
Q. Orthotic treatment of lumbar & thoracic conditions;
Here's a 500-word essay on Orthotic Treatment of Lumbar & Thoracic Conditions Using Spinal Orthotics, with a conclusion included:
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Orthotic Treatment of Lumbar and Thoracic Conditions Using Spinal Orthotics
Spinal orthoses, or back braces, play a critical role in the non-surgical management of various thoracic and lumbar spine conditions. These devices are designed to support, align, prevent or correct deformities, and improve function.
SWASTH
Disinfection is the process of destroying or inactivating disease-causing microorganisms (pathogens) from objects, surfaces, water, or environment, so that they cannot cause infection.
Properties of an Ideal Disinfectant- Broad-spectrum., Rapid action., Non-toxic to humans and animals., Stable in storage., Works in presence of organic matter.
Economical and easy to use.
Types of Disinfection
1. Physical Methods Heat: Boiling water., Steam under pressure ., Dry heat.
Radiation: UV rays ., Sunlight
structure
Lining of Tunnels
Purpose of Lining:
Support tunnel structure.
Prevent water ingress.
Improve durability.
Types of Lining:
Concrete, shotcrete, steel, or masonry.
Sections of Tunnel Lining:
Crown: Top of the tunnel.
Inverts: Bottom of the tunnel.
Walls: Sides of the tunnel.
1. Selection Criteria for Rock in Foundation Construction (Any Five)
- Strength and Load-Bearing Capacity – Must withstand loads without failure; high compressive strength preferred.
- Durability – Resistance