Programs

1. #include <stdio.h> 
int stringLength(char str[]) 

 int length = 0;
 while (str[length] != '\0') 
 { 
 length++;
 } 
 return length;

void stringConcatenate(char str1[], char str2[]) 

 int i = 0, j = 0;
 while (str1[i] != '\0') 
 { 
 i++;
 } 
 while (str2[j] != '\0') 
 { 
 str1[i] = str2[j];
i++;
 j++;
 } 
 str1[i] = '\0';

int main() 

 char str1[100], str2[100];
 int choice;
printf("Enter the first string: ");
 scanf("%s", str1);
 
 printf("Enter the second string:...

See on Student Notes »

ENTRE

MOD-4 1. Project Evaluation (2 Marks)

Project evaluation is a systematic assessment of a project’s relevance, design, implementation, and outcomes.

It is carried out to determine the effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability of a project, and to draw lessons for future planning.

It helps in:

Measuring performance

Ensuring accountability

Enhancing learning for future projects

2. Objectives of Project Evaluation (1 Mark)

To assess whether the project has met its intended goals and objectives

...

See on Wikiteka »

1920m2

Risk Management Basics

Risk: Probability of loss or disruption, Asset: Item of value (e.g., data, systems), Threat: Entity exploiting a weakness., Vulnerability: Weakness that can be exploited., Risk Management: Identifying, evaluating, reducing, or accepting risks.

Types of Threat Actors

Script Kiddie: Uses pre-written code, lacks technical skill, wants fame, Hacktivist: Politically motivated, defaces sites or networks, Nation State/APT: Government-backed, highly sophisticated, Organized Crime:

...

See on Student Notes »

Dbmssss

1] Explain some Database applications. Explain advantages and disadvantages of database system.???

A database application is software used to store, manage, and access data easily.

👉 Examples:

1. Banking – stores customer and transaction details.

2. E-commerce – manages products, orders, and user info.

3. Hospitals – keeps patient records and doctor schedules.

4. Schools – stores student marks and attendance.

5. Airlines – handles bookings and flight details.

_______________________

...

See on Student Notes »

Structures programming

Programming Languages: Chapter 1 Cheat Sheet


1. Why Study PL Concepts?

  • Expressiveness: Leverage diverse language features

  • Selection: Match language to task (e.g., LISP for AI, PHP for web)

  • Learning: Foundations ease uptake of new languages

  • Efficiency: Choose constructs (recursion vs. iteration) for performance

  • Maintenance: Better code reuse and understanding


2. Programming Domains & Typical Languages

Domain Focus Language Example
Scientific Floating‑point computations
...

See on Wikiteka »

AI&ML

Introduction to Pandas

Pandas is a powerful and flexible Python library used for data manipulation, analysis, and cleaning. It is suitable for handling different kinds of data, such as:

  • Tabular data with heterogeneous columns (different types of data in a single dataset).
  • Ordered & unordered time-series data (data arranged based on time or random order).
  • Arbitrary matrix data with row & column labels.
  • Unlabeled data, making it useful for raw statistical data processing.


Essential Pandas

...

See on Student Notes »

emerging technology

1. Three Measurable Challenges Technology Poses to Traditional Banking Systems (with focus on Blockchain & Security):

  • Decentralization vs Centralization: Blockchain allows peer-to-peer transactions without a central authority, challenging traditional banks’ role as intermediaries.

  • Security & Privacy: Technologies like blockchain use cryptography and distributed ledgers, reducing fraud and enhancing data protection, posing a challenge to banks relying on legacy systems.

  • Speed

...

See on Student Notes »

dididiid

Kcat = Vmax/ (Et)...... V0 = Vmax [S] / (ɑKM  + [S])........

KI­ - dissociation constant for the inhibitor from the enzyme

Competetive Inhibiters: Affects the slope of the line, Y intercept (1/ Vmax) does not change, Km does Change (when A is high slope gets steeper and line moves closer to origin)

UnCompetetive Inhibiters: Apparent Km changes and Vmax changes (Parellel)

Mix: A is bigger and more competitive. a is less the uncompeteive. a is equal then non competeive.

Used:1 glucose; 2 ATP;

...

See on Student Notes »

Software

Sure! Here's a detailed explanation for each of your questions:


1) Define Software Engineering as a "Layered Technology"

Software Engineering is called a layered technology because it is built on a foundation with multiple layers, each supporting the one above it. The layers are:

  1. Quality Focus (Foundation Layer):

    • Ensures the process and product quality.
    • Every layer depends on the focus on quality.
  2. Process Layer:

    • Acts as the framework for software development.
    • Provides control and coordination
...

See on Student Notes »