Building on the 3-level architecture we discussed, Data Independence is the practical benefit of that structure. It is the ability to modify a database schema at one level without requiring a change to the schema at the next higher level.
This ensures that as your database grows or your hardware changes, you don't have to rewrite your entire software application.
1. Physical Data Independence
Physical data independence is the ability to change the Internal/Physical schema without affecting the Conceptual
1. Database Interfaces
A DBMS provides various interfaces to suit different types of users (from non-technical clerks to expert administrators).
* Menu-Based Interfaces: Primarily used for web clients and browsing. Users are presented with a list of options (menus) and do not need to know any query language.
* Forms-Based Interfaces: Common for "Naive Users." Users interact by filling out fields in a form (e.g., a bank account registration form). The DBMS then handles the insertion or retrieval.
What is Psycholinguistics?
Psycholinguistics studies how language is acquired, represented, processed, and used in the human mind/brain.
It focuses on language production, comprehension, and acquisition.
Creativity of Human Language
•Human language is infinitely creative.
•Speakers can produce and understand novel sentences they have never heard before.
•This is possible because language uses rules + finite vocabulary → infinite sentences.
Language vs Speech vs Thought vs Communication
Language
1. Comparative Method: Comparative method is the study of political systems by comparing their institutions, processes and functions. It helps in understanding similarities, differences and developing political theory.
2. Features of UK Constitution: The UK Constitution is unwritten, flexible and based on conventions, statutes and judicial decisions. Parliamentary sovereignty is its main feature.
3. Features of USA Constitution: The US Constitution is written, rigid and federal. It provides separation...
The Eden-Millot comparator, more commonly known as the Eden-Rolt millionth comparator, is a highly sensitive measuring instrument used in metrology for high-precision dimensional comparison and gauge calibration.
Principle of Operation
This device uses a combination of mechanical and optical magnification to measure minute differences in size. The core principle involves comparing an unknown dimension to a known reference standard (like a slip gauge or master gauge).
Mechanical Amplification: A
I understand you need the full, comprehensive analysis of the McDonald's case, including the PESTEL, Porter's 5(6) Forces, and internal RBV/VRIO analysis, presented as a cohesive, thoughtful response for your exam preparation.
The field of strategic management combines Analysis, Formulation, and Implementation in the continuous quest for competitive advantage. A firm achieves superior performance, which is defined relative to competitors, by successfully...
The comparative method is one of the most important and widely used methods in the study of political science. It helps in understanding political institutions, processes, and systems by comparing them with one another. Through comparison, similarities and differences among political systems can be identified, which leads to a deeper and more scientific understanding of politics. The comparative method has played a crucial role in the development...
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create the structure of web pages. It is not a programming language; rather, it is a markup language that tells the web browser how to display content like text, images, and links.
It uses a system of tags (keywords enclosed in angle brackets like <html>) to wrap around content and give it meaning.
<h1> to <h6> (Heading Tags)These tags are used to define headings on a page. <h1> is the most important (main
SQL Data Types:- SQL data types specify the type of data that can be stored in a database table. Choosing the correct data type helps in efficient storage, better performance, and data integrity.
1. Numeric Data Types:- These are used to store numbers.
INT / INTEGER – Stores whole numbers
Small int / BIGINT – Stores small or large integers
DECIMAL(p,s) / NUMERIC – Stores fixed-point numbers
FLOAT / REAL – Stores floating-point numbers
2. Character (String) Data Types:- These are used