The literature of ancient India is a vast and glorious treasure, forming the foundation of Indian civilization and deeply influencing global thought. It is traditionally categorized into two main groups: Shruti (that which is heard/revealed) and Smriti (that which is remembered/transmitted).
Here are the most significant categories and works:
1. Vedic Literature (Shruti)
This is the oldest stratum of Indian literature, considered eternal knowledge revealed to ancient sages.
* The Vedas: The four foundational
🌟 Interface Basics in Java
An Interface in Java is a blueprint of a class. It defines a contract of behavior that implementing classes must adhere to. Interfaces are a key mechanism for achieving abstraction and simulating multiple inheritance of behavior in Java.
Key Characteristics of Interfaces
* 100% Abstract (Historically): Traditionally, interfaces could only contain abstract methods and public static final variables (constants).
* Modern Features (Java 8+): Interfaces can now include default
The basic structure of a Java program is based on the concept of classes. Every executable Java program must contain at least one class definition.
💻 Essential Structure of a Java Program
A typical Java application will have the following hierarchical structure: 1. Package Statement (Optional)
The very first statement in a Java source file (if present) is the package statement. It organizes classes into logical groups, preventing naming conflicts.
* Syntax: package package_name;
* Example: package
An interceptor is a class or method that intercepts EJB method calls or lifecycle events. It is used for common tasks like logging, security, transactions, and auditing. It helps avoid dupli
cate code and keeps bu
siness logic separate from system logic. Interceptors can be defined as a separate class or inside the bean. They use annotations to define behavior.@AroundInvoke is used for method interception, while @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy are used for lifecycle interception.
Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or compounds that yield them on hydrolysis.
| Type | Definition | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Monosaccharides | Can’t be hydrolyzed further | Glucose, Fructose, Ribose |
| Oligosaccharides | Yield 2–10 monosaccharide units | Disaccharides → Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose |
| Polysaccharides | Yield many monosaccharides | Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen |
BLS Household Survey
60,000 households monthly
Population: 333,287,557
Age 17+: 269,523,012
Children: 63,764,545
Civilian Noninstitutional Population: 263,973,000
Labor Force: 164,287,000
Employed: 158,291,000
Unemployed: 5,996,000
Not in Labor Force: 99,686,000
Key Formulas:
Unemployment Rate (UR) = (Unemployed / Labor Force) × 100 → 3.7%
Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) = (Labor Force / Civilian Noninstitutional
Convolutional Neural Networks, or CNNs, are a special class of deep learning models designed primarily for analyzing visual data such as images and videos. Unlike traditional fully connected neural networks, CNNs are built to automatically and adaptively learn spatial hierarchies of features through convolution operations. The main components of a CNN include convolutional layers, activation layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers. The convolutional layer applies small filters (also called
...| Year | Discovery / Event | Scientist(s) Involved |
|---|---|---|
| 8000–1000 B.C. | Humans knew sexual reproduction caused variation (used in selective breeding). | Ancient humans |
| 1856–1863 | Hybridization experiments on garden peas (basis of inheritance laws). | Gregor Johann Mendel |
| 1865 | Publication of Mendel’s work “Experiments on Plant Hybridization”. | Mendel |
| 1866 | First description of Down’s Syndrome. | Langdon Down |
| 1891 | Discovery of X-body (X chromosome) during spermatogenesis in insects. | Henking |