दोनों व्यक्तित्वों ने आधुनिक हिन्दुस्तानी संगीत को “शास्त्र” और “संस्था” देने में निर्णायक भूमिका निभाई। संक्षेप में, भातखंडे ने सिद्धांत–संरचना और लिखित पद्धति को व्यवस्थित किया, जबकि पालतुस्कर
🎶 हिंदुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत में रागों का ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन
राग की अवधारणा भारतीय संगीत की आत्मा है। 'राग' शब्द संस्कृत की 'रंज्' धातु से बना है, जिसका अर्थ है 'रंगना' या 'आनंदित करना'। जो रचना मनुष्य
Meaning and Definition of e-Governance: Meaning of eGovernance: *e-Governance means the use of digital
technology and ICT by the government.*It helps in
delivering government services through online
platforms.*In digital education, it supports the
management and delivery of education services
electronically.*It connects students, teachers, institutions,
and government departments digitally.*The main aim is to
make education efficient, transparent, and accessible.
Definition of e-Governance:*e-Governance
Why protection is needed
In multitasking or multi‑user systems, two programs might try to use the same memory at the same time, which can corrupt data or crash the system.
Protection mechanisms isolate user programs from each other and from the OS, and also help detect bugs by checking whether each memory access and instruction obeys certain safety rules.
Overview of 80386 protection
80386 has four protection levels (0–3), where 0 is most trusted (OS kernel) and 3 is least trusted (user apps).
It
Here are the solutions to the questions presented in the images, based on the provisions of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961.
Q. 2. Income Tax is charged on the Previous year Income. Do you agree? If not Give exceptions.
Agreement: Yes, I agree. The fundamental principle is that income earned in the Previous Year (P.Y.) is taxed in the next financial year, known as the Assessment Year (A.Y.).
Exceptions to the General Rule (P.Y. Income Taxed in P.Y.)
In certain specific cases, income is assessed and
(a) Difference between Gross Total Income & Total Income
The main difference lies in the deductions allowed under Chapter VI-A (Sections 80C to 80U) of the Income Tax Act.
* Gross Total Income (GTI): This is the aggregate income calculated by summing up the income computed under the five heads of income, after allowing for certain set-offs and carry-forwards of losses.
* Heads of Income: Salary, House Property, Profits and Gains of Business or Profession (PGBP), Capital Gains, and Income
The commands you listed are a mix of standard Unix/Linux utilities and internal shell commands, some of which may be slightly ambiguous or have multiple contexts. Below is the syntax and purpose for the most common interpretations in a Linux environment.
1. st (stat) 📊
The command st is not a standard standalone utility, but it is often used as a shortcut or abbreviation for the stat command.
* Syntax (using stat):
stat [OPTION]... FILE...
* Purpose: The stat command displays detailed information
📂 Linux File System Explained
The Linux file system is a hierarchical structure that organizes data on storage devices. Unlike Windows, which uses drive letters (C:, D:), Linux uses a single, unified structure starting from the root directory (/).
1. Linux Files, Inodes, and Structure
A. Linux Files
In Linux, everything is treated as a file, which simplifies system interaction. This includes:
* Regular Files: Text files, executable programs, images, documents.
* Directories: Special files that