An algebraic system is a non-empty set together with one or more operations (like addition or multiplication) defined on it.
Example: A set AAA with an operation ∗*∗ is written as (A,∗)(A, *)(A,∗).
A semigroup is a set SSS with a binary operation ∗*∗ that is associative:
(a∗b)∗c=a∗(b∗c),∀a,b,c∈S(a * b) * c = a * (b * c), \quad \forall a,b,c \in S(a∗b)∗c=a∗(b∗c),∀a,b,c∈S
A monoid is a semigroup that has an identity element
Lecture 1
flowchart
Pseudocode
• Abbreviated plain English version of actual computer code
• Symbols used in flowcharts replaced by English-like statements
• Allows programmer to focus on steps required to solve problem
Hierarchy Chart
• Shows the overall program structure
• Depict organization of program, omit specific processing logic
• Describe what each part, or module, of the program does
• Each module subdivided into a succession of submodules
Three structures
• Sequence
Ques1? Define the term mobile robotics? explain its significance and applications?
Ans Mobile Robotics – Definition
Mobile robotics is a branch of Robotics that deals with the design, construction, and operation of robots capable of moving freely in an environment (unlike fixed industrial robots). These robots use sensors, control systems, and intelligent algorithms to navigate and perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously.
Mobile robotics plays a crucial
Depreciated (Tangible) • Buildings • Equipment • Machinery • Vehicles
Depleted (Natural Resources) • Timber • Oil • Minerals
Amortized (Intangible) • Patents • Copyrights • Franchises • Trademarks (limited life)
Total Cost = all expenditures to get asset ready for use Includes: purchase price, taxes, shipping, installation, testing, legal fees.
Straight‑Line...
Aim/Purpose:
a. To describe the distribution and magnitude of health and
disease problems in human populations.
b. To identify etiological factors (risk factors) in the pathogenesis of disease.
c. To provide the data essential to the planning, implementation and evaluation
of services for the prevention, control and treatment of disease
and to the setting up of priorities among those services.
Use/scope:
1. Describe the spectrum of disease 7. Investigate epidemics of unknown...
1
# Hw *8
addition = float(input("Enter the annual addition of public residential land (in sq land):"))
years = 0
current_total = initial_total
while current_total < target_total:
years += 1
private_residential = private_residential*1.03
public_residential = public_residential + addition
current_total = private_residential + public_residential + rurual_settlement
print(f"It will take at least {years} year(s) for the residential land in Hong Kong to double in size.")
Acidimetry: The analytical process of determining the concentration of an unknown acid by titrating it with a standard base solution.
Acidity of a Base: The number of replaceable hydroxyl ($OH^-$) ions present in one molecule of a base.
Alkalimetry: The analytical process of determining the concentration of an unknown base by titrating it with a standard acid solution.
Basicity of an Acid: The number of replaceable hydrogen ($H^+$) ions present in one molecule of an acid.
Decimolar
In cost accounting, managing materials is a massive undertaking because materials often account for 50% or more of the total cost of production. Here is a breakdown of how costs are classified and how material inventory is managed.
## **1. Classification of Costs** Costs can be classified in several ways to help management understand their behavior and impact.
### **By Nature or Element** **Material:** The cost of commodities supplied to an undertaking.
* **Labor:** The cost of remuneration (wages/