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Q1. Describe marketing management and how it is different from selling? Discuss marketing mix with example and scope of marketing management.

Marketing management refers to the process of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling marketing activities, strategies, and programs to satisfy customer needs profitably. It is a managerial discipline that ensures a company delivers value to its target customers in a competitive marketplace. Philip Kotler defines marketing management as, “the

Bite my lips - to press the soft
parts of the front of my mouth between the teeth

Bite my nails - to press the
hard parts on the end of my fingers between the teeth;

Have a broad - to stretch
my mouth wide and/or show the teeth in pleasure;

Lower the corners - to drop the outer edges of
my mouth lower than the rest;

Point my finger to sb - to extend my index finger in sb's direction to draw attention to them;

Counsellor - sb who gives advice on a specified subject;

Disheartened - disappointed;

Distress

1. MEDIA/TECNOLOGIA COMO AMBIENTE - Ubíquos, invasivos, invisíveis (Deuze, Jansson). - "Life in media" (Deuze, 2023): vivemos dentro do ambiente mediático.

2. VAGAS DE MEDIATIZAÇÃO (Couldry & Hepp) - Mecanização (1450-1800): Imprensa de Gutenberg, difusão do conhecimento. - Eletrificação (1800-1950): Rádio, cinema, TV, simultaneidade. - Digitalização (1950-): Internet, computadores, convergência mediática. - Datificação (2000-): Big Data, vigilância, capitalismo de dados.

3.

Definition of Virtualization

Virtualization is the process of creating a virtual (rather than physical) version of something, such as a server, storage device, network resource, or even an operating system. It allows multiple virtual instances to run on a single physical system, increasing efficiency and flexibility by abstracting hardware resources from software environments.

Types of Virtualization 1.Server Virtualization: Dividing a physical server into multiple virtual servers, each with its

Experiment 1: Network Reconnaissance & Foot Printing (VAT EXP 1) 

deliverable = a network inventory report listing IP addresses and active services 

tools = Nmap -  Nmap (Network Mapper) is an open-source tool used for network discovery, security auditing, and vulnerability scanning.

recon - ng =  Recon-ng is a modular, open-source reconnaissance framework used to gather open-source intelligence (OSINT) for ethical hacking and penetration testing.

steps for execution : 

COMMANDS 
$nmap

How did Savarkar reinterpret Indian history, and what was the political significance of his historiographical approach?

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar’s approach to Indian historiography marked a shift from colonial interpretations to a nationalist retelling of India's past. His work was aimed at inspiring patriotism and building a collective national identity rooted in resistance, pride, and civilizational unity. The most notable example of this is his book "The First War of Indian Independence, 1857"

3.Metal forming and metal working are traditional engineering processes that date back to ancient civilizations, including India. Metal forming involves shaping metals through deformation without removing material. Common techniques include forging, rolling, extrusion, and drawing. Ancient India used hammering and casting methods to create weapons, sculptures, and tools.Metal working includes cutting, welding, joining, and shaping metal through machining or hand tools. Techniques such as blacksmithing