●●●Respiratory system is a group of organs and tissues which help us in breathing or Respiration.

These group of organs/tissue are known as Respiratory tract which includes the passage of air from the Nose to the alveoli in the lungs.

o Path: air → O₂ (Oxygen)

Breathing → It is generally a physical/ mechanical process of taking air (O2) into the body/lungs and expelling it (CO₂).

Respiration → It is the complete/ biochemical process of exchanging gases (O2/CO2) which includes Breathing

Q. Define Glycolysis Pathway.

Ans:

Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway in which one molecule of glucose (6 carbon compound) is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid (3 carbon compound) through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions. It occurs in the cytoplasm of all living cells and does not require oxygen directly, so it is an anaerobic process.

During glycolysis, energy is produced in the form of ATP and NADH. It consists of two phases: the energy investment phase and the energy payoff

1. Role, Ethics and Responsibilities of a Medical Laboratory Technologist

A Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT) is a healthcare professional who performs laboratory tests on blood, urine, body fluids and tissues to help doctors diagnose, treat and prevent diseases. The technologist collects and processes samples, operates laboratory instruments, maintains laboratory records and reports accurate test results. An MLT must follow professional ethics by maintaining patient confidentiality, honesty

Functions of Parathyroid Gland

The parathyroid glands are four small endocrine glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. They secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a vital role in maintaining calcium and phosphate balance in the body. PTH increases the level of calcium in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium absorption from the intestine (indirectly through vitamin D), and reducing calcium loss through the kidneys. Proper calcium

Transportation of Body Fluids, Pus, Swab, Blood, and Urine

Proper transportation of clinical specimens is essential to maintain the viability of microorganisms and ensure accurate laboratory results. Specimens should be collected aseptically, labeled correctly, and transported to the laboratory as soon as possible.

Body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, and ascitic fluid should be collected in sterile containers and transported immediately to prevent contamination and deterioration.

1. OB (Organizational Behaviour)

Historical Antecedents

1. Taylor → Scientific Management

2. Elton Mayo → Human Relations

   Goals (DUPC)

   • Describe

   • Understand

   • Predict

   • Control

   Characteristics

   • Scientific

   • Humanistic

   • Interdisciplinary

   • System Approach

   • Contingency Approach

 [process theories of motivation]

VROOM'S EXPECTANCY THEORY

E = Expectancy
(Effort → Performance)

I = Instrumentality
(Performance → Reward)

V = Valence
(Value of Reward)

Formula

Motivation = E × I × V

Biologische evolutie: Traag, geleidelijk proces waarbij erfelijke eigenschappen in een populatie veranderen over opeenvolgende generaties.

Soort vs. Populatie: Een soort kan onderling kruisen en vruchtbare nakomelingen krijgen. Een populatie is een groep individuen van dezelfde soort in een specifiek gebied die zich onderling voortplanten.

2. De Moderne Evolutietheorie (Neo-darwinisme)

Evolutie is een samenspel van 6 drijvende krachten:  Mutaties: Willekeurige DNA-veranderingen (bron van variatie)