Define ADT. Explain array as an ADT? (2+3 marks)
An Abstract Data Type (ADT) is a conceptual model that defines a set of operations and behaviors for a data structure, without specifying the underlying implementation details. Arrays, as an ADT, define how data is organized and accessed through indices, but not how it's actually stored in memory.
Arrays as an ADT
-An array ADT defines a collection of elements that can be accessed by their index (position).
-Common operations on an array ADT
Written and Lengthy Constitution – It’s one of the longest constitutions in the world.
Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility – Some parts can be amended easily, others require a special majority.
Parliamentary Form of Government – Modeled after the British system.
Federal System with Unitary Bias – Powers are divided between Centre and States, but Centre holds more power.
Independent Judiciary – Judiciary is impartial and has the
🔥 CISCO SECURITY CHEATSHEET — FULL 2-PAGE VERSION (ALL 10 MODULES)
🔐 1. SECURING THE EDGE ROUTER
▶ Three Areas of Router Security:
• Physical — Lock the device in secure rooms; use UPS or generators.
• Operating System — Use latest IOS; increase memory; back up configs.
• Router Hardening — Disable unused ports/services, restrict access.
▶ Admin Access Security:
• Local:
line console 0
password [pw]
login
• VTY (Remote):
line vty 0 15
password [pw]
login
• Privileged...
# define management ? what kinds of skills required for successful manager ?
Management is basically about getting things done through people. It’s how businesses or organizations make plans, organize their resources (like people, money, and time), guide their teams, and make sure everything is on track to reach their goals. Good management keeps everything running smoothly and helps everyone work toward the same vision.
Skills Every Successful Manager Needs:
1. Leadership : A great manager leads
CH3: Memory Management: How the OS handles allocation, tracking, and protection of memory used by processes. | Memory Abstraction: A way for the OS to give each process its own view of memory, isolating them and enabling multitasking. | Base Register: Stores the starting physical address of a process’s memory. | Limit Register: Specifies the range (size) of memory a process can access from its base. | Swapping: The act of moving processes in and out of main memory to free up space. | Fragmentation:
...Understand the basic concepts and equations of radiometric dating, the difference between parent and daughter atoms, half-life, and decay constant. (n_e: number of planets, per star, with suitable environment for life)
Asthma Definition— Asthma is a condition in which our airways become narrow, swell up and become more glandular (produce extra mucus).
Classification of Asthma— Seasonal asthma—Some of the people not tolerate even the minute changes in the season (cold, hot, rain). Due to seasonal variation allergic reaction also occurs, and leads to complicated if not treated during the starting conditions. Allergic asthma—Allergens (pollen, animal dander, dust etc.) Occupational asthma—In
General Microbiology
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic:
Prokaryotic: no nucleus (Bacteria, Archaea)
Eukaryotic: has nucleus (Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals)
Unicellular vs Multicellular: Bacteria and Protists = one cell; Fungi = one or many cells; Plants and Animals = many cells
How they eat:
Autotroph = makes its own food (like plants)
Heterotroph = eats other things (like animals)
Decomposer = breaks down dead stuff (like fungi)
Key Discoveries: Microscopes helped find microbes,
LEC 1 : A programming language is a set of vocabulary and grammatical rules used to instruct a computer to perform tasks. Learning about programming languages is essential because knowing just one or two languages is not enough for a computer scientist. Studying language concepts improves your ability to express ideas, choose the right language for different tasks, learn new languages more easily, understand implementations, and even design new languages. A language like Prolog is highlighted as...