Direct Materials and Labor: Materials price variance = (AP - SP) x AQ \\ Materials Quantity Variance = (AQ - SQ) x SP \\ Materials Spending Variance MPV + MQV \\ Labor Rate Variance = (AR-SR) x AH \\ Labor Efficiency Variance = (AH - SH) x SR \\ Labor Spending Variance = LRV + LEV \\
Standard Hours and Cost: Standard Hours Allowed = standard hours per unit x actual output \\ standard cost allowed = SQ x SP or SH x SR
Variable and Fixed Overhead: VOH Spending Variance = AVOH - (AH x SR)
...Female (Ovary – Germarium):
In the Drosophila ovary, 2–3 germline stem cells (GSCs) are located at the anterior tip of the germarium. They physically attach to cap cells using E-cadherin–mediated adhesion. Cap cells act as the niche, producing key signals such as Dpp, Gbb, Hedgehog, and Piwi to maintain GSC self-renewal.
When a GSC divides, it undergoes asymmetric division: one daughter remains attached to cap cells and stays a stem cell, while the other daughter moves away from the niche
1Seaweeds: Seawoods are commonly eaten in Asia but are still underused in Westem countries. Interest in seaweed is increasing, and they may become important ingredients in Europe because they are nutritious and sustainable. 2.The Domesday Book: The Domesday Book was written in 1088 for William the Conqueror. It recorded who owned land in England and how much it was worth, so the king could calculate taxes. It is extremely important because it gives detailed information about medieval society. Its
lim x->0 sinx/x = 1 | H.A.: compare degrees | V.A.: denom = 0 | Continuous if: f(a), lim, equal
DERIVATIVES: (x^n)'=nx^(n-1), (e^x)'=e^x, (a^x)'=a^x ln a, (lnx)'=1/x | (uv)'=u'v+uv', (u/v)'=(u'v-uv')/v^2 |chain: (f(g(x)))'=f'(g(x))g'(x)
TRIG DERIVATIVES: (sin)'=cos, (cos)'=-sin, (tan)'=sec^2 | (sec)'=sec·tan, (csc)'=-csc·cot, (cot)'=-csc^2
CRITICAL POINTS:f'=0 or DNE ⇒ crit pt | f'>0 inc | f'<0 dec | f''>0 conc up | f''<0 conc down | inflec = f'' signchange
INTEGRATION: ∫x^
Shows concepts only: classes, attributes, associations, multiplicities.
No methods, no UI, no controllers.
Purpose: understand the real-world objects.
Actor ↔ System interaction.
Verb+noun name.
Format: Actor step vs System step.
Use cases → sequence diagrams → class diagrams.
🔵 UML CLASS DIAGRAM (Module 7)
Class: name, attributes, methods.
Association: line with multiplicity (1, 0..1, , 1..).
Inheritance: open triangle
B. Writing Essays
1. Essay on National Unity
National unity is the foundation of peace, progress, and stability in any nation. It is the feeling of togetherness, harmony, and mutual understanding among people belonging to different castes, religions, languages, and regions. In a country like Nepal, where people follow diverse traditions and lifestyles, national unity becomes even more important. Unity helps citizens work together for common goals, protects the nation’s identity, and strengthens...
Even if you aren't a big eggplant fan, you might enjoy this despite yourself. Broiled eggplant has a crunchy and meaty texture, and the tahini dressing makes the salad rich and creamy.
1 medium eggplant, sliced into circles
1 tbsp lemon juice
1 tbsp tahini sprinkle of chili flakes (optional) fresh dill, finely chopped (optional) salt and pepper
Turn on your oven's broiler. Arrange the slices of eggplant on a baking sheet, then place them under the broiler for about 3 minutes. Watch them carefully.