Purpose: To rearrange your data in a specific sequence (like A to Z or High to Low) without removing anything.
Alphabetical (A to Z or Z to A): Great for names, cities, or product types.
lNumerical (Smallest to Largest): Best for prices, ages, or quantities.
Date (Oldest to Newest): Perfect for tracking timelines or schedules.Example -Imagine you have a list of students and their test scores.
Unsorted: Random names and scores.
Sorted (High to
MCS-213 (Software Engineering) – High-Yield Topics (Priority A + B)
Condensed exam-ready answers with diagrams (copy-write format).
1) SRS and Requirements Engineering (10 Marks)
Definition: Requirements Engineering (RE) is the process of eliciting, analyzing, specifying, validating, and managing requirements. SRS is the formal document stating what the system shall do (FR) and constraints/quality expectations (NFR).
RE process model (diagram):
Stakeholders
|
v
Elicitation → Analysis/
Brain tumors – increased intracranial pressure (ICP).The skull is a rigid compartment; any added volume (tumor, blood, edema, CSF) raises ICP. ICP > 20 mmHg (normal < 15). CPP = MAP − ICP → rising ICP reduces CPP and causes cerebral ischemia.Causes: intracranial mass (tumor, hematoma, large infarct), cerebral edema, hydrocephalus/CSF obstruction, venous sinus thrombosis, infection, trauma, toxic or idiopathic intracranial hypertension.Pathogenesis: early compensation by displacement
1. Sociology and Social Groups
Sociology is the scientific study of human social behavior, examining how people interact in groups ranging from small personal units to large institutions.
Primary Social Groups
Small, intimate, face-to-face groups (micro level)
Primary agents of socialization
Fulfil emotional needs and shape identity
Examples: family, close friends, married couples
Members are allowed into intimate space (0–50 cm)
Secondary Social Groups
Large, formal, impersonal groups (macro
...Phylum Protozoa represents the most primitive group of animals, consisting of microscopic, unicellular organisms. Below is an overview of their general characteristics, classification, and a detailed look at the malaria parasite, Plasmodium.
1. General Characters of Phylum Protozoa
* Habit and Habitat: Mostly aquatic (freshwater or marine), but can also be found in damp soil. Many are commensals or parasites.
* Body Organization: Unicellular or acellular; they exhibit a protoplasmic grade of organization
*Explain briefly the importance of value based education
for the development of a society
Value Education :
The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is
valuable’ for human happiness is called value education.
Value education is important to help everyone in
improving the value system that he/she holds and puts
it to use.
Once, one has understood his/her values in life he/she
can examine and control the various choices he/she makes in his/her life.
Importance of value education :
Value
The Indian Constitution is a philosophical and transformative document reflecting the ideals of the national movement and aiming to establish political, social, and economic democracy. Its philosophical foundations combine Western political thought with Indian traditions. Liberalism is reflected in the Fundamental Rights (Articles 14–21), which guarantee equality, liberty, and protection of life and personal freedom....
Self Exploration :
Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself, what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself.
Through self exploration we get the value of our self. We live with different entirety (family, friends, air, soil, water, trees, etc.) and we want to understand our relationship with all these.
For this we need to start observing inside. The main focus of self-exploration is myself - the human being.Basic Contents...
Descriptive Statistics is a branch of statistics used to summarize, organize, and describe the main features of a dataset. It helps in understanding data using numerical measures like mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation.
1. Mean
• Mean is the average value of a dataset.
• It is calculated by dividing the sum of all observations by the total number of observations.
• It gives a general idea about the overall data value.
• Formula: Mean = (Sum of all values) / (Number of values)