MOD-4 1. Project Evaluation (2 Marks)
Project evaluation is a systematic assessment of a project’s relevance, design, implementation, and outcomes.
It is carried out to determine the effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability of a project, and to draw lessons for future planning.
It helps in:
Measuring performance
Ensuring accountability
Enhancing learning for future projects
2. Objectives of Project Evaluation (1 Mark)
To assess whether the project has met its intended goals and objectives
Risk Management Basics
Risk: Probability of loss or disruption, Asset: Item of value (e.g., data, systems), Threat: Entity exploiting a weakness., Vulnerability: Weakness that can be exploited., Risk Management: Identifying, evaluating, reducing, or accepting risks.
Types of Threat Actors
Script Kiddie: Uses pre-written code, lacks technical skill, wants fame, Hacktivist: Politically motivated, defaces sites or networks, Nation State/APT: Government-backed, highly sophisticated, Organized Crime:
1] Explain some Database applications. Explain advantages and disadvantages of database system.???
A database application is software used to store, manage, and access data easily.
👉 Examples:
1. Banking – stores customer and transaction details.
2. E-commerce – manages products, orders, and user info.
3. Hospitals – keeps patient records and doctor schedules.
4. Schools – stores student marks and attendance.
5. Airlines – handles bookings and flight details.
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Programming Languages: Chapter 1 Cheat Sheet
Expressiveness: Leverage diverse language features
Selection: Match language to task (e.g., LISP for AI, PHP for web)
Learning: Foundations ease uptake of new languages
Efficiency: Choose constructs (recursion vs. iteration) for performance
Maintenance: Better code reuse and understanding
| Domain | Focus | Language Example |
|---|---|---|
| Scientific | Floating‑point computations |
Kcat = Vmax/ (Et)...... V0 = Vmax [S] / (ɑKM + [S])........
KI - dissociation constant for the inhibitor from the enzyme
Competetive Inhibiters: Affects the slope of the line, Y intercept (1/ Vmax) does not change, Km does Change (when A is high slope gets steeper and line moves closer to origin)
UnCompetetive Inhibiters: Apparent Km changes and Vmax changes (Parellel)
Mix: A is bigger and more competitive. a is less the uncompeteive. a is equal then non competeive.
Used:1 glucose; 2 ATP;
Sure! Here's a detailed explanation for each of your questions:
Software Engineering is called a layered technology because it is built on a foundation with multiple layers, each supporting the one above it. The layers are:
Quality Focus (Foundation Layer):
Process Layer:
1. Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)
Definition
Shape Memory Alloys R metallic materials that can recover their original shape after deformation when exposed 2 a specific stimulus, usually heat.
The most common example is Nickel-Titanium (Nitinol), known 4 its shape memory & superelastic behavior.
Mechanism
a. Phase Transformation
SMAs operate through a solid-state transformation between 2 phases:
Explain array implementation of list. 5 marks
An array implementation of a list involves using a contiguous block of memory to store elements, allowing for efficient access and manipulation. Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects of this implementation:
1.) Structure:
°An array is a fixed-size data structure that holds elements of the same type. In the context of a list, an array can be used to store the list elements in sequential memory locations.
°The size of the array is typically defined
Define ADT. Explain array as an ADT? (2+3 marks)
An Abstract Data Type (ADT) is a conceptual model that defines a set of operations and behaviors for a data structure, without specifying the underlying implementation details. Arrays, as an ADT, define how data is organized and accessed through indices, but not how it's actually stored in memory.
Arrays as an ADT
-An array ADT defines a collection of elements that can be accessed by their index (position).
-Common operations on an array ADT