IoT Design Methodology

IoT Design Methodology is a systematic approach used to design, develop, and deploy an IoT system. It ensures that the system is scalable, secure, and meets user needs.

Step-by-Step IoT Design Methodology

1. Purpose Specification

Defines why the IoT system is needed.

Identifies:

Problem to be solved

Target users

Expected outcomes

Example:

In a Smart City, the purpose may be reducing traffic congestion and saving fuel.

2. Process Specification

Describes how the system works

VERY SHOT

1.Define static and dynamic resistance. 

A.Static resistance: The ratio of voltage to current at a particular operating point

R=V/I

Dynamic resistance: The ratio of a small change in voltage to the corresponding change in

current at an operating point     r=dV/dI

2.Explain how the diode acts as switch. 

A.ON state (Forward biased):When the anode is positive with respect to the cathode,

the diode conducts current with

very low resistance, behaving like a closed switch. 

OFF state

UNIT-5

1.Briefly discuss about Photo diode? 

Photodiode:

A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical

current. It operates based on the principle of the photovoltaic effect, where the

absorption of photons generates electron-hole pairs, leading to a current flow

when the device is connected in an electrical circuit.

Structure and Symbol:

*Structure: Photodiodes are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon.

They typically have a p-n junction, with the

unit-3

2.Draw the circuit diagram and explain the characteristics of BJT in CB configuration?

Characteristics ot BJT in CB Contiguration

The V-I characteristics of a BJT in the CB configuration describe the relationship
between the voltages and currents at the emitter and collector for various base
currents. These characteristics are divided into input and output characteristics.

1. Input Characteristics (Emitter-Base V-I Characteristics)

These characteristics show the relationship between the emitter

ORGANIZATION THEORY
Study of how orgs function, structure themselves, make decisions, and interact with environment.

ORGANIZATION
Group of people working together to achieve common goals by coordinating resources.

PURPOSE OF ORGANIZATIONS
Achieve goals, create value, produce goods/services, adapt to environment, enable innovation, manage coordination.

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Profit: profit maximization via goods/services
Non-profit: social/service goals, no profit motive
Government: public service, policy

Q1) WAP that accepts the marks of 5 subjects and finds the Sum and Percentage 

#include <stdio.h> 
int main() 
{ 
    int marks[5]; 
    int total = 0; 
    float percentage; 

    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) 
    { 
        scanf("%d", &marks[i]); 
        total += marks[i]; 
    } 

    percentage = (total / 5.0); 
    printf("Sum: %d\n", total); 
    printf("Percentage: %2.f%%\n", percentage); 

    return 0; 
} 

Q2)  WAP that swaps value of two variables 

#

1. Define Clipper, and explain clipping at two independent levels?

A.A clipper (also known as a limiter) is an electronic circuit used to remove or "clip" portions

of a signal that exceed a certain threshold voltage level without distorting the remaining

part of the waveform. Clippers are used in various applications, such as signal conditioning,

waveform shaping, and protecting circuits from voltage spikes 

Clipping at Two Independent Levels:

Clipping at two independent levels involves limiting