PULMO

BRONCHIAL ASTHMA : 

REVERSIBLE AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVNESS

ATOPIC TRIAD: ASTHMA, RHIINITS, DERMATITIS

IGE MEDIATED - EOSINOPHILS (BRONCHOSPASM,MUCUS,EDEMA)

CHRONIC: FIBROSIS/SMOOTH MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY

CLINICAL :WHEEZE, DYSPNEA,COUGH,CHEST TIGHTNESS

DIAGNOSIS: FEV1 < 80% , FEV1/FVC < 80% 

REVERSIBILITY TEST > 12%

ACUTE: ARRYTHMIA/CYANOSIS/HYPOXIA/SILENT CHEST

TREATMENT: 1.SABA (SALBUTAMOL) 2.LOW ICS (FLUTICASONE ) 3.ICS + LABA (FORMETEROL)

ACUTE TREATMENT:  OXYGEN /Nebulized SABA/ Ipratropium

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biology

PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

  • photosynthesis : process that uses light energy to make glucose

  • overall purpose : store energy in glucose

  • equation : carbon dioxide + water + light → glucose + oxygen

Chloroplast & Pigments

    • chloroplast : organelle where photosynthesis occurs

    • chlorophyll : pigment that absorbs light energy

Light-Dependent Reactions

  • inputs : light, water, ADP, NADP+

  • outputs : ATP, NADPH, oxygen

  • role of water : split to release oxygen

Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent)

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material science

No. Ferrous Materials Non-Ferrous Materials
1. Contain iron as the main constituent Do not contain iron
2. Magnetic in nature (most ferrous metals) Non-magnetic
3. High tensile strength Generally lower tensile strength (except some alloys)
4. More prone to rust and corrosion High resistance to corrosion
5. Usually heavier Usually lighter in weight
6. Less expensive More expensive
7. High melting point Lower melting point
8. Good for structural applications Good for electrical
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Revolution of agriculture


Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic Revolution) – 16 Marks

The Agricultural Revolution, also known as the Neolithic Revolution, refers to the major transformation when early humans shifted from a nomadic, hunting–gathering life to settled agriculture. This process began around 10,000 BCE in different parts of the world and became the foundation of human civilization.


1. Introduction

Before agriculture, humans lived in small groups, depending on wild animals and forest produce. With climatic...

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Unit 3 Consumer Protection Act, 1986

Objective and Application (Section 1)

1. Objective of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was enacted to protect the interests of consumers and provide them with a simple, speedy, and inexpensive redressal mechanism.

Main Objectives:

Protection of Consumer Rights

To safeguard consumers against:

Defective goods

Deficient services

Unfair trade practices

Establishment of Consumer Redressal Agencies

District Consumer Disputes Redressal...

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Western sculpture

Western Sculpture – 16 Marks (Complete Answer)

Western sculpture refers to the sculptural traditions that developed in Europe and the Mediterranean region, evolving through various historical periods. It reflects changing ideas of humanism, religion, realism, expression, and form. Western sculpture is closely linked with architecture, philosophy, and cultural transformations.

1. Prehistoric Sculpture (Before 3000 BCE)

  • Early Western sculpture focused on fertility, magic, and survival.
  • Made
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Chinese civilization

Chinese Civilization – 16 Marks

The Chinese Civilization, one of the world’s oldest continuous cultures, developed along the Huang He (Yellow River) around c. 2000 BCE. Known for its dynastic rule, philosophical systems, architectural achievements, writing system, and technological innovations, it has contributed greatly to world heritage.

1. Geographical Setting

  • Originated in the fertile Yellow River Valley.
  • Expanded to the Yangtze River region.
  • Natural barriers like Himalayas, Gobi Desert,
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Psicologia

T:1 PTO Estudio conducta en contexto laboral/organizacional → comprender + mejorar trabajo (productividad + bienestar). Orígenes / etiquetas: Psicología industrial (inicio s. XX), Taylorismo: organización científica del trabajo, Origen PI: EEUU = selección/motivación | Europa = productividad/fatiga, Hoy: EEUU I/O Psychology | UK industrial/ocupacional | Europa PTO Áreas: Psico del trabajo → trabajadores: conducta/experiencias del trabajo. Psico del personal / RRHH → empleados: relación

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Indus valley civilization

Indus Valley Civilization – Detailed 16-Mark Answer

Introduction

The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilization, flourished from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE along the Indus River and its tributaries in present-day India and Pakistan. It is one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations, known for its scientific city planning, advanced drainage systems, standardized bricks, and organized socio-economic life.


1. Geographical Extent

  • Spread over 1.3 million sq. km — larger
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