Elasticity of Demand
Elasticity of demand refers to the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good or service to changes in its price or other influential factors, such as income or prices of related goods.
Types of Elasticity of Demand
1. *Price Elasticity of Demand (PED)*: Measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price.
2. *Income Elasticity of Demand*: Measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in consumer income.
3. *Cross-Elasticity of Demand*:
India’s foreign policy post-1947 has been shaped by its historical experience, developmental needs, strategic concerns, and ideological commitments. As a newly independent state emerging from colonial rule, India’s priorities were sovereignty, territorial integrity, economic development, and global recognition.
Historical legacy and civilisational values played a central role. Ancient Indian philosophies of peace,
Introduction
Kidnapped is an adventure and historical novel written by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was published in 1886 by Cassell and Company Ltd. and spans a total of 222 pages. The novel is known for its gripping storyline and vivid portrayal of 18th-century Scotland.
David Balfour – The protagonist, a young and naive boy who matures into a courageous and resourceful individual as he faces numerous challenges.
Alan Breck Stewart – A flamboyant and charismatic Jacobite
Democracy – A system where citizens exercise power by voting, typically through elected representatives.
Republic – A government in which the country is considered a "public matter" and officials are elected by the people.
Monarchy – A system ruled by a king, queen, or emperor, often with power inherited by family lineage.
Constitutional Monarchy – A monarchy limited by a constitution, where elected bodies share or limit the monarch’s powers.
Dictatorship – A government controlled by one
Threat Actors → The people/groups launching attacks. Mnemonic: “NO HIS” (Nation-State, Organized Crime, Hacktivists, Insiders, Script Kiddies)
| Actor Type | Motivation | Tactics |
|---|---|---|
| Nation-State (APT Groups) | Espionage, warfare | Advanced, persistent attacks |
| Organized Crime | Financial gain | Ransomware, phishing |
| Hacktivists | Social justice, ideology | Website defacement, data leaks |
| Insiders | Revenge, profit | Data |
Plant tissue culture is the technique of growing plant cells, tissues and organs in an artificial medium under aseptic conditions.The applications of plant tissue culture are as follows(a) Clonal multiplicationsTissue culture is a rapid and cheap method of multiplication Many agricultural and horticultural plants are multiplied by this method, which is also called micropropagation. Raising plants by this method has the following advantages.(i) Disease-free stocks can be prepared by this method.(
#Neoclassical economics is a school of economic thought that emerged in the late 19th century, emphasizing the role of individual preferences, markets, and prices in determining economic outcomes.# Main Features:1.Methodological Individualism: Neoclassical economics focuses on individual behavior and decision-making, assuming that individuals act rationally to maximize their utility or profits.2.Market Equilibrium: Neoclassical economics emphasizes the concept of market equilibrium, where supply
1.- A chegada da telefonia mudou bastante o dia a dia da aldeia. Em primeiro lugar, tudo parecia mais animado e ligado ao mundo exterior: “Um sopro de vida paira agora sobre a aldeia” e “sentem que não estão já tão distantes as suas pobres casas”. As pessoas começaram-se a juntar mais, até as mulheres iam à venda depois da ceia, o que mostra como o convívio aumentou: “Até as mulheres vêm para a venda depois da ceia”. E a telefonia trouxe também diversão, até houve uma