General Microbiology
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic:
Prokaryotic: no nucleus (Bacteria, Archaea)
Eukaryotic: has nucleus (Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals)
Unicellular vs Multicellular: Bacteria and Protists = one cell; Fungi = one or many cells; Plants and Animals = many cells
How they eat:
Autotroph = makes its own food (like plants)
Heterotroph = eats other things (like animals)
Decomposer = breaks down dead stuff (like fungi)
Key Discoveries: Microscopes helped find microbes,
LEC 1 : A programming language is a set of vocabulary and grammatical rules used to instruct a computer to perform tasks. Learning about programming languages is essential because knowing just one or two languages is not enough for a computer scientist. Studying language concepts improves your ability to express ideas, choose the right language for different tasks, learn new languages more easily, understand implementations, and even design new languages. A language like Prolog is highlighted as...
1. State Legislatures: Vidhan Sabha & Vidhan Parishad
India's state legislatures can be unicameral (only Vidhan Sabha) or bicameral (Vidhan Sabha & Vidhan Parishad). Their structure and functions are outlined in Articles 168-212 of the Constitution.
Composition & Strength
Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly): Directly elected members from territorial constituencies. Strength varies from 60 to 500, with exceptions for smaller states.
Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council): A permanent
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public abstract String toString();
}
private ArrayList<String> courses;
public Undergraduate(String name, int id, int graduationYear) {
super(name, id);
this.graduationYear = graduationYear;
this.courses = new ArrayList<>();
}
public void displayStudentLevel() {
System.out.println(name + " is an undergraduate student.");
}
public void registerCourses() {
Random...
Economic Profit: Economic profit = Revenue - Explicit Costs - Implicit Costs
Example: A firm earns $500,000 in revenue, explicit costs of $300,000, & implicit costs of $50,000.
Economic Profit = 500,000 - 300,000 - 50,000 = 150,000 (positive economic profit).
Present Value (PV): PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where: FV = Future Value
r = Interest rate
n = Number of periods
Example: If U expect $1,000 in 3 years
Question 1: Consider the fraction 6/7. The decimal representation of this fraction is:
Answer: 6 ÷ 7 = 0.857142857... (repeating)
Question 2: If 60% of a population is vaccinated, what is the ratio of vaccinated to unvaccinated individuals?
Answer: 60% vaccinated → 60 : 40 → Simplified = 3 : 2
Question 3: A property has been assessed at $225,000. The mill rate is 14.5. To find the property tax, you would multiply the mill rate by:
Answer: 14.5 ÷ 1000 = 0.0145 → Property tax = 225,000 × 0.
CHEAT SHEET – PHARMACOLOGY
LSD: Altered consciousness, sympathomimetic effects, low tolerance, potential for HPPD.
MDMA: Stimulant with low abuse potential; euphoria and sociability.
Cannabinoids: THC (psychoactive) vs. CBD (non-psychoactive); ECS roles in mood, pain, and appetite.
Nicotine: CNS stimulant, high abuse potential, significant health risks.
1. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Pharmacological Effects
6 regions: Atl/QC/ON/W/BC/North → each = unique ID, econ, hist dev, size, goals | Boundaries = transition z1s, Why 6? Manageable #, reflect phys features, stats, ID, econ/pol structure
Anchor industries = key | Faultlines = cracks in unity → 1) Regional (W alienation, resrc ctrl), 2) QC (lang, Bill 21), 3) Indig 4) Immig Core-Periph: ON/QC = core | BC/W = fast growth | Atl = slow | North = resource frontier, Trade: rely on US (continentalism), 7 physio regions: Shield (oldest, rugged), Cordillera...
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR CHEAT SHEET (CLASSES 2–6)
CLASS 2: INTRO TO OB Definition: Study of how individuals, groups, and structure affect behavior in organizations. Foundations: multidisciplinary, contingency (it depends), multiple levels (micro/meso/macro), open systems. Workplace challenges: individual (motivation, satisfaction), group (diversity, conflict), organizational (globalization, ethics, new tech).
CLASS 3: PERSONALITY & EMOTIONS Big Five (CANOE): conscientiousness, agreeableness,...