Resistência Inicial : Começou com formas intelectuais e de imprensa que contestavam o poder colonial português.
Geração Nativista (Eugénio Tavares) : Representa a primeira crise sociopolítica, focada no sentimento de pertença às ilhas e na exigência de igualdade jurídica face aos portugueses da metrópole.
Movimento Claridoso (Anos 30) : Fundamental para a afirmação da identidade nacional
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION & SECURITY CONCEPTS
CIA Triad:
- Confidentiality: Limits access to authorized users. Breach = unauthorized disclosure.
- Integrity: Prevents unauthorized modification. Breach = altered document.
- Availability: Ensures timely access. Breach = DoS attack.
Additional Objectives:
- Authenticity: Verifies data/sender is real and trustworthy
- Accountability: Actions traceable to specific entities
- Non-repudiation: Cannot deny actions (digital signatures)
**Kerckhoffs's Principle:...
1. Definition A Pooling Layer is a down-sampling layer in a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) usually placed after a Convolutional Layer.It reduces the spatial dimensions (Width $\times$ Height) of the input feature maps while retaining the most critical structural information.2. Types of Pooling LayersMax Pooling:Extracts the maximum value from the region covered by the sliding filter. Purpose: Captures the most dominant/prominent features like sharp edges and bright pixels.Average Pooling: Computes
**1. Convertissez les équivalents russes en ces expressions**
1. Il est maigre comme un clou. → **худой как щепка**
2. Elle est blonde comme les blés. → **светловолосая как колосья пшеницы** (или просто «золотистая блондинка»)
3. Perdre le nord. → **потерять голову / растеряться**
4. Ce n’est pas la mer à boire → **это не бог весть что / это не так уж трудно*
What is Software Engineering?
Software Engineering is the application of engineering principles, methods, and tools to the design, development, testing, deployment, operation, and maintenance of software systems in a systematic, disciplined, and measurable way.
What is a software process / explain the types of process flow.
Linear/sequential-Activities are performed one after another in a fixed order. Each phase must be completed before the next begins.
Iterative-the development process is repeated
# Part 1: Resettlement & Rehabilitation (R&R)
When major infrastructure projects (like dams, highways, or industries) displace communities, they become **Project Affected Persons (PAPs)**. R&R is the framework used to rebuild their lives.
* **Resettlement:** The physical relocation of displaced individuals to a new geographic location, providing housing and basic civic infrastructure (roads, water, electricity).
* **Rehabilitation:** The holistic process of rebuilding a person's socioeconomic
India has a comprehensive framework of environmental laws established to protect natural resources and control pollution. These pieces of legislation give legal authority to regulatory bodies like the **Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)** and **State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)** to enforce environmental standards.
## 1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 :::This was India's first major environmental law enacted to deal with a specific pollution crisis. It was prompted
### Effects & Control Methods
* **Effects:** Outbreaks of waterborne diseases (cholera, typhoid); destruction of aquatic ecosystems; and **eutrophication**—a process where nutrient-rich fertilizer runoff causes massive algal blooms that suffocate marine life by stripping oxygen from the water.
Fertilizer Runoff ──> Algae Bloom ──> Algae Dies & Decomposes ──> Oxygen Depletion ──> Fish Die`
* **Control Strategies:** Setting up **Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)
Biodiversity—short for biological diversity—is the variety of all living organisms on Earth, including their genetic differences and the complex communities (ecosystems) they form. It is the biological safety net that keeps our planet functional.
## 1. Levels (Types) of Biodiversity ::Biodiversity is studied at three distinct, interconnected levels:
* **Genetic Diversity:** The variation in genes within a single species. This variation allows a population to adapt to changing environments, diseases,