Product, Services, Brands (Chapter 8) – 12 & 14
The Nervous System:Reflex Arc: Know the components (sensory neuron, motor neuron, relay neuron, effector) and how the reflex arc works.Neurons: Be able to describe the structure (axon, dendrites, myelin sheath) and their role in transmitting nerve impulses.Synapses: Explain neurotransmitter role in signal transmission between neurons.The Circulatory System:Heart Structure: Label a heart diagram and describe the path of blood.Right Atrium →Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Left...
WACC = Wd(Ytm(1-tax)+(We*re)+(Wpfd*rpfd) re = RFr+B(MRp) rpfd=D1/Po Cost of Equity w/divs = Div1/P + g MV of Equity = # of shares x ShPrice: MV of equity is Market Cap | CAPM expected r = RiskFreeR + (Beta*MarketR-RFrate)] Stock Excess return = Market Excess R x Beta | Investment Expected Return = RFrate+[Beta(MarketR-RFrate)] | Portfolio Expected Return = w1E(R1)+W2(R2)...| Nominal Rate = (1+Real Rate)(1+Inflation Rate)-1 | SAMPLE: NR-4.3%, INFR-2% Real Rate = 1.043 / 1.02 - 1| EAR = (1+APR/
Titration: A technique to determine the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.
End Point: The point in a titration at which the indicator changes color, signaling that the reaction is complete.
Equivalent Point: The exact point at which the amount of titrant is chemically equivalent to the substance being titrated.
Titration Error: The difference between the end point and the equivalence point.
Normality (N): The number of gram equivalents of solute per
Aim: Observe cells and subcellular structures.
Add specimen (e.g. onion epidermis) on slide.Stain (e.g. iodine) to highlight structures. Lower cover slip at an angle (reduce air bubbles). Use low → high magnification.Focus using coarse → fine adjustment.Label parts of microscope.Calculate magnification Measure size using scale bar.Differences between plant and animal cells.Why stain? (to see organelles like nucleus)
Aim: Investigate osmosis using potato cylinders in different sugar solutions.
...Microscope
-Ocular Lens: remagnifies image formed by objective lens
-Objective lens: primary lens that magnifies specimen
-Condenser: focuses light through specimen
-Diaphragm: controls amount of light entering condenser
-Coarse/fine: used to focus specimen, changes distance between the objective lens and specimen. Coarse only for 4x.
-Scanning lens 4x (shortest lens)
-Low power pens 10x
-High power lens (40x)
-Oil lens 100x (longest lens)
-Iris diaphragm: holds condenser lenses, controls amount
Process of creating abstract graphical models of a system.
Goal: Understand and communicate different views (perspectives).
Common Language: UML (Unified Modeling Language)
| Perspective | Description |
|---|---|
| External | Models system environment/context |
| Interaction | Shows how system components/users interact |
| Structural | Shows how the system or data is organized |
| Behavioral | Shows how the system behaves/reacts to events |
Definition (IEEE): The fundamental organization of a software system, including components, relationships, and design principles.
Purpose: To ensure reliability, efficiency, security, and maintainability.
Goal: Design the system’s overall structure and its communication.
Outputs: Architectural model showing component interaction.
Key Link: Connects requirements to design.